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 ====== Constitution of North Dakota. ======
 ===== PREAMBLE. =====
+We, the people of North Dakota, grateful to Almighty God for the
+blessings of civil and religious liberty, do ordain and establish this
+Constitution.
-We, the people of North Dakota, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of
+===== ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. =====
-civil and religious liberty, do ordain and establish this Constitution.
-===== ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. =====
+=== Section 1. ===
-Sec. 1. All men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain
+All men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain
-inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and
+inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending
-liberty; acquiring, possessing and protecting property and reputation; and
+life and liberty; acquiring, possessing and protecting property and
-pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.
+reputation; and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.
-Sec. 2. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted
+=== Section 2. ===
-for the protection, security and benelit of the people, and they have a right to
-alter or reform the same when ever the public good may require.
-Sec. 3. The State of North Dakota is an inseparable part of the American Union
+All political power is inherent in the people. Government is
-and the Constitution' of the United States is the supreme law of the land.
+instituted for the protection, security and benefit of the people, and
+they have a right to alter or reform the same whenever the public
+good may require.
-Sec. 4. The free excercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship,
+=== Section 3. ===
-without discrimination or preference shall be forever guaranteed in this State,
-and no person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness or juror on account
-of his opinion on matters of religious belief; but the liberty of conscience
-hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or
-justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of this State.
-Sec. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
+The State of North Dakota is an inseparable part of the American Union
-unless, when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require.
+and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the
+land.
-Sec. 6. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital
+=== Section 4. ===
-offiences when the proof is evident or the presumption great. Excessive bail
-shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor shall cruel or unusual
-punishments be inflicted. Witnesses shall not be uureasonably detained, nor be
-confined in any room where criminals are actually imprisoned.
-Sec. 7. The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain
+The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship,
-inviolate; but a jury in civil cases, in courts not of record may consist of
+without discrimination or preference shall be forever guaranteed in
-less than twelve men, as may be prescribed by law.
+this State, and no person shall be rendered incompetent to be a
+witness or juror on account of his opinion on matters of religious
+belief; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so
+construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices
+inconsistent with the peace or safety of this State.
-Sec. 8. Until otherwise provided by law, no person shall, for a felony, be
+=== Section 5. ===
-proceeded againt criminally, otherwise than by indictment, except in cases
-arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in
-time of war or public danger. In all other cases, offences shall be prosecuted
-criminally by indictment or information. The Legislative Assembly may change,
-regulate or abolish the grand jury system.
-Sec. 9. Every man may freely write, speak and publish his opinions on all
+The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
-subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege. In all civil and
+unless, when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may
-criminal trials for libel the truth may be given in evidence, and shall be a
+require.
-sufficient defense when the matter is published with good motives and for
-justifiable ends; and the jury shall have the same power of giving a general
-verdict as in other cases; and in all indictments on informations for libels the
-jury shall have the right to determine the law and the facts under the direction
-of the court as in other cases.
-Sec. 10. The citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together
+=== Section 6. ===
+All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for
+capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great.
+Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
+shall cruel or unusual punishments be inflicted. Witnesses shall not
+be unreasonably detained, nor be confined in any room where criminals
+are actually imprisoned.
+=== Section 7. ===
+The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain
+inviolate; but a jury in civil cases, in courts not of record may
+consist of less than twelve men, as may be prescribed by law.
+=== Section 8. ===
+Until otherwise provided by law, no person shall, for a felony, be
+proceeded against criminally, otherwise than by indictment, except in
+cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in
+actual service in time of war or public danger. In all other cases,
+offenses shall be prosecuted criminally by indictment or information.
+The Legislative Assembly may change, regulate or abolish the grand
+jury system.
+=== Section 9. ===
+Every man may freely write, speak and publish his opinions on all
+subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege. In all
+civil and criminal trials for libel the truth may be given in
+evidence, and shall be a sufficient defense when the matter is
+published with good motives and for justifiable ends; and the jury
+shall have the same power of giving a general verdict as in other
+cases; and in all indictments or informations for libels the jury
+shall have the right to determine the law and the facts under the
+direction of the court as in other cases.
+=== Section 10. ===
+The citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together
 for the common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of
-government for the redress of grievances, or for other proper purposes, by
+government for the redress of grievances, or for other proper
-petition, address or remonstrance.
+purposes, by petition, address or remonstrance.
-Sec. 11. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.
+=== Section 11. ===
-Sec. 12. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army
+All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.
-shall be maintained by this State in time of peace, and no soldiers shall, in
-time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor
-in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law.
-Sec. 13. In criminal prosecutions in any court whatever, the party accused shall
+=== Section 12. ===
-have the right to a speedy and public trial; to have the process of the court to
-compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf; and to appear and defend in
-person and with counsel. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same
-offense, nor be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,
-nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.
-Sec. 14. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without
+The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army
-just compensation having been first made to, or paid into court for the owner,
+shall be maintained by this State in time of peace, and no soldiers
-and no right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation, other
+shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent
-than municipal, until full compensation therefor be first made in money or
+of the owner; nor in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by
-ascertained and paid into court for the owner, irrespective of any benefit from
+law.
-any improvement proposed by such corporation, which compensation shall be
-ascertained by a jury, unless a jury be waived.
-Sec. 15. No person shall be imprisoned for debt unless upon refusal to deliver
+=== Section 13. ===
-up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be
-prescribed by law; or in cases of tort: or where there is strong presumption of
-fraud.
-Sec. 16. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the
+In criminal prosecutions in any court whatever, the party accused
+shall have the right to a speedy and public trial; to have the process
+of the court to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf; and
+to appear and defend in person and with counsel. No person shall be
+twice put in jeopardy for the same offense, nor be compelled in any
+criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of
+life, liberty or property without due process of law.
+=== Section 14. ===
+Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without
+just compensation having been first made to, or paid into court for
+the owner, and no right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any
+corporation, other than municipal, until full compensation therefor be
+first made in money or ascertained and paid into court for the owner,
+irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such
+corporation, which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury, unless
+a jury be waived.
+=== Section 15. ===
+No person shall be imprisoned for debt unless upon refusal to deliver
+up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as
+shall be prescribed by law; or in cases of tort; or where there is
+strong presumption of fraud.
+=== Section 16. ===
+No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the
 obligations of contracts shall ever be passed.
-Sec. 17. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of
+=== Section 17. ===
-crime, shall ever be tolerated in this- state.
+Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment
+of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this state.
+=== Section 18. ===
+The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers
+and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
+violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause,
+supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to
+be searched and the persons and things to be seized.
+=== Section 19. ===
+Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against
+it, adhering to its enemies or giving them aid and comfort. No person
+shall be convicted of treason unless on the evidence of two witnesses
+to the same overt act, or confession in open court.
-Sec. 18. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers
+=== Section 20. ===
-and effects, against uureasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated;
-and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or
-affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons
-and things to be seized.
-Sec. 19. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it,
+No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may
-adhering to its enemies or giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be
+not be altered, revoked or repealed by the Legislative Assembly; nor
-convicted of treason unless on the evidence of two witnesses to the same overt
+shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or
-act, or confession in open court.
+immunities which upon the same terms shall not be granted to all
+citizens.
-Sec. 20. No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not
+=== Section 21. ===
-be altered, revoked or repealed by the Legislative Assembly; nor shall any
-citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or immunities which upon the
-same terms shall not be granted to all citizens.
-Sec. 21. The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory and prohibitory
+The provisions of this constitution are mandatory and prohibitory
 unless, by express words, they are declared to be otherwise.
-Sec. 22. All courts shall be open, and every man for any injury done him in his
+=== Section 22. ===
-lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due process of law, and
-right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be
-brought against the State in such manner, in such courts, and in such cases, as
-the Legislative Assembly may, by law, direct.
-Sec. 23. Every citizen of this State shall be free to obtain employment wherever
+All courts shall be open, and every man for any injury done him in his
-possible, and any person, corporation or agent thereof, maliciously interfering
+lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due process of
-or hindering in any way, any citizen from obtaining or enjoying employment
+law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay.
-already obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty
+Suits may be brought against the State in such manner, in such courts,
-of a misdemeanor.
+and in such cases, as the Legislative Assembly may, by law, direct.
-Sec. 24. To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have
+=== Section 23. ===
-delegated, we declare that everything in this article is excepted out of the
-general powers of government and shall forever remain inviolate.
-===== ARTICLE II.  THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. =====
+Every citizen of this State shall be free to obtain employment
+wherever possible, and any person, corporation, or agent thereof,
+maliciously interfering or hindering in any way, any citizen from
+obtaining or enjoying employment already obtained, from any other
+corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.
-Sec. 25. The Legislative power shall be vested in a Senate and House of
+=== Section 24. ===
+To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have
+delegated, we declare that everything in this article is excepted out
+of the general powers of government and shall forever remain
+inviolate.
+===== ARTICLE II. THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. =====
+=== Section 25. ===
+The Legislative power shall be vested in a Senate and House of
 Representatives.
-Sec. 26. The Senate shall be composed of not less than thirty nor more than
+=== Section 26. ===
+The Senate shall be composed of not less than thirty nor more than
 fifty members.
-Sec. 27. Senators shall be elected for the term of four years, except as
+=== Section 27. ===
+Senators shall be elected for the term of four years, except as
 hereinafter provided.
-Sec. 28. No person shall be a senator who is not a qualified elector in the
+=== Section 28. ===
-district in which he may be chosen, and who shall not have attained the age of
-twenty-five years, and have been a resident of the State or Territory for two
+No person shall be a senator who is not a qualified elector in the
-years next preceding his election.
+district in which he may be chosen, and who shall not have attained
+the age of twenty-five years, and have been a resident of the State or
+Territory for two years next preceding his election.
+=== Section 29. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall fix the number of Senators, and divide
+the State into as many senatorial districts as there are senators,
+which districts as nearly as may be, shall be equal to each other in
+the number of inhabitants entitled to representation. Each district
+shall be entitled to one Senator and no more, and shall be composed of
+compact and contiguous territory; and no portion of any county shall
+be attached to any other county, or part thereof, so as to form a
+district. The districts as thus ascertained and determined shall
+continue until changed by law.
-Sec. 29. The Legislative Assembly shall fix the number of Senators, and divide
+=== Section 30. ===
-the State into as many senatorial districts as there are senators, which
-districts as nearly as may be, shall be equal to each other in the number of
-inhabitants entitled to representation. Each district shall be entitled to one
-Senator and no more, and shall be composed of compact and contiguous territory;
-and no portion of any county shall be attached to any other county, or part
-thereof, so as to form a district. The districts as thus ascertained and
-determined shall continue until changed by law.
-Sec. 30. The senatorial districts shall be numbered consecutively from one
+The senatorial districts shall be numbered consecutively from one
-upwards, according to the number of districts prescribed, and the Senators shall
+upwards, according to the number of districts prescribed, and the
-be divided into two classes. Those elected in the districts designated by even
+Senators shall be divided into two classes. Those elected in the
-numbers shall constitute one class, and those elected in districts designated by
+districts designated by even numbers shall constitute one class, and
-odd numbers shall constitute the other class. The Senators of one class, elected
+those elected in districts designated by odd numbers shall constitute
-in the year 1890, shall hold their office for two years, those of the other
+the other class. The Senators of one class, elected in the year 1890,
-class shall hold their office four years, and the determination of the two
+shall hold their office for two years, those of the other class shall
-classes shall be by lot, so that one-half of the Senators, as nearly as
+hold their office four years, and the determination of the two classes
+shall be by lot, so that one-half of the Senators, as nearly as
 practicable, may be elected biennially.
-Sec. 31. The Senate, at the beginning and close of each regular session, and at
+=== Section 31. ===
-such other times as may be necessary, shall elect one of its members President
-pro tempore, who may take the place of the Lieutenant Governor under rules
-prescribed by law.
-Sec. 32. The House of Representatives shall be composed of not less than sixty,
+The Senate, at the beginning and close of each regular session, and at
+such other times as may be necessary, shall elect one of its members
+President pro tempore, who may take the place of the Lieutenant
+Governor under rules prescribed by law.
+=== Section 32. ===
+The House of Representatives shall be composed of not less than sixty,
 nor more than one hundred and forty members.
-Sec. 33. Representatives shall be elected for the term of two years.
+=== Section 33. ===
+Representatives shall be elected for the term of two years.
+=== Section 34. ===
+No person shall be a Representative who is not a qualified elector in
+the district for which he may be chosen, and who shall not have
+attained the age of twenty-one years, and have been a resident of the
+State or Territory for two years next preceding his election.
-Sec. 34. No person shall be a Kepresentative who is not a qualified elector in
+=== Section 35. ===
-the district for which he may be chosen, and who shall not have attained the age
-of twenty-one years, and have been a resident of the State or Territory for two
-years next preceding his election.
-Sec. 35. The members of the House of Representatives shall be apportioned to and
+The members of the House of Representatives shall be apportioned to
-elected at large from each senatorial district. The Legislative Assembly shall,
+and elected at large from each senatorial district. The Legislative
-in the year 1895, and every tenth year, cause an enumeration to be made of all
+Assembly shall, in the year 1895, and every tenth year, cause an
-the inhabitants of this State, and shall at its first regular session after each
+enumeration to be made of all the inhabitants of this State, and shall
-such enumeration, and also after each federal census, proceed to fix by law the
+at its first regular session after each such enumeration, and also
-number of Senators, which shall constitute the Senate of North Dakota, and the
+after each federal census, proceed to fix by law the number of
-number of Representatives which shall constitute the House of Representatives of
+Senators, which shall constitute the Senate of North Dakota, and the
-North Dakota, within the limits prescribed by this Constitution, and at the same
+number of Representatives which shall constitute the House of
-session shall proceed to reapportion the State into senatorial districts, as
+Representatives of North Dakota, within the limits prescribed by this
-prescribed by this Constitution, and to fix the number of members of the House
+Constitution, and at the same session shall proceed to reapportion the
-of Representatives, to be elected from the several senatorial districts;
+State into senatorial districts, as prescribed by this Constitution,
-Provided, That the Legislative Assembly may, at any regular session, redistrict
+and to fix the number of members of the House of Representatives, to
-the State into senatorial districts, and apportion the Senators and
+be elected from the several senatorial districts; Provided, That the
+Legislative Assembly may, at any regular session, redistrict the State
+into senatorial districts, and apportion the Senators and
 Representatives respectively.
-Sec. 36. The House of Representatives shall elect one of its members as Speaker.
+=== Section 36. ===
-Sec. 37. No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general,
+The House of Representatives shall elect one of its members as
-register of deeds, sheriff or person holding any office of profit under this
+Speaker.
-State, except in the militia or the office of attorney-at-law, notary public or
-justice of the peace, and no person holding any office of profit or honor under
+=== Section 37. ===
-any foreign government, or under the government of the United States, except
-postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum of $300, shall
+No judge or clerk of any court, secretary of state, attorney general,
-hold any office in either branch of the Legislative Assembly or become a member
+register of deeds, sheriff or person holding any office of profit
+under this State, except in the militia or the office of
+attorney-at-law, notary public or justice of the peace, and no person
+holding any office of profit or honor under any foreign government, or
+under the government of the United States, except postmasters whose
+annual compensation does not exceed the sum of $300, shall hold any
+office in either branch of the Legislative Assembly or become a member
 thereof.
-Sec. 38. No member of the Legislative Assembly, expelled for corruption, and no
+=== Section 38. ===
-person convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime shall be eligible
-to the Legislative Assembly, or to any office in either branch thereof.
-Sec. 39. No member of the Legislative Assembly shall, during the term for which
+No member of the Legislative Assembly, expelled for corruption, and no
-he was elected, be appointed or elected to any civil office in this State, which
+person convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime shall be
-shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased,
+eligible to the Legislative Assembly, or to any office in either
-during the term for which he was elected; nor shall any member receive any civil
+branch thereof.
-appointment from the Governor, or Governor and Senate, during the term for which
-he shall have been elected.
-Sec. 40. If any person elected to either house of the Legislative Assembly
+=== Section 39. ===
-shall offer or promise to give his vote or influence, in favor of, or against
-any measure or proposition pending or proposed to be introduced into the
+No member of the Legislative Assembly shall, during the term for which
-Legislative Assembly, in consideration, or upon conditions, that any other
+he was elected, be appointed or elected to any civil office in this
-person elected to the same Legislative Assembly will give, or will promise or
+State, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall
-assent to give, his vote or influence in favor of or against any other measure
+have been increased, during the term for which he was elected; nor
-or proposition, pending or proposed to be introduced into such Legislative
+shall any member receive any civil appointment from the Governor, or
-Assembly, the person making such offer or promise shall be deemed guilty of
+Governor and Senate, during the term for which he shall have been
-solicitation of bribery. If any member of the Legislative Assembly, shall give
+elected.
-his vote or iufluence for or against any measure or proposition, pending or
-proposed to be introduced into such Legislative Assembly, or offer, promise or
+=== Section 40. ===
-assent so to do upon condition that any other member will give, promise or
-assent to give his vote or influence in favor of or against any other such
+If any person elected to either house of the Legislative Assembly
-measure or proposition pending or pro posed to be introduced into such
+shall offer or promise to give his vote or influence, in favor of, or
-Legislative Assembly, or in consideration that any other member hath given his
+against any measure or proposition pending or proposed to be
-vote or influence, for or against any other measure or propositiau in such
+introduced into the Legislative Assembly, in consideration, or upon
-Legislative Assembly, he shall be deemed guilty of bribery.  And any person,
+conditions, that any other person elected to the same Legislative
-member of the Legislative Assembly or person elected thereto, who shall be
+Assembly will give, or will promise or assent to give, his vote or
-guilty of either such offenses, shall be expelled, and shall not, thereafter be
+influence in favor of or against any other measure or proposition,
-eligible to the Legislative Assembly, and, on the conviction thereof in the
+pending or proposed to be introduced into such Legislative Assembly,
-civil courts, shall be liable to such further penalty as may be prescribed by
+the person making such offer or promise shall be deemed guilty of
-law.
+solicitation of bribery. If any member of the Legislative Assembly,
+shall give his vote or iufluence for or against any measure or
+proposition, pending or proposed to be introduced into such
+Legislative Assembly, or offer, promise or assent so to do upon
+condition that any other member will give, promise or assent to give
+his vote or influence in favor of or against any other such measure or
+proposition pending or pro posed to be introduced into such
+Legislative Assembly, or in consideration that any other member hath
+given his vote or influence, for or against any other measure or
+propositiau in such Legislative Assembly, he shall be deemed guilty of
+bribery. And any person, member of the Legislative Assembly or person
+elected thereto, who shall be guilty of either such offenses, shall be
+expelled, and shall not, thereafter be eligible to the Legislative
+Assembly, and, on the conviction thereof in the civil courts, shall be
+liable to such further penalty as may be prescribed by law.
+=== Section 41. ===
-Sec. 41. The term of service of the members of the Legislative Assembly shall
+The term of service of the members of the Legislative Assembly shall
 begin on the first Tuesday in January next, after their election.
-Sec. 42. The members of the Legislative Assembly shall in all eases except
+=== Section 42. ===
-treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their
-attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and in going to or
-returning from the same. For wprds used in any speech or debate in either house,
-they shall not be questioned in any other place.
-Sec. 43. Any member who has a personal or private interest in any measure or
+The members of the Legislative Assembly shall in all eases except
-bill proposed or pending before the Legislative Assembly, shall disclose the
+treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest
-fact to the house of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon without
+during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses,
-the consent of the house.
+and in going to or returning from the same. For wprds used in any
+speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any
+other place.
-Sec. 44. The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as
+=== Section 43. ===
+Any member who has a personal or private interest in any measure or
+bill proposed or pending before the Legislative Assembly, shall
+disclose the fact to the house of which he is a member, and shall not
+vote thereon without the consent of the house.
+=== Section 44. ===
+The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as
 may occur in either house of the Legislative Assembly.
-Sec. 45. Each member of the Legislative Assembly shall receive as a compensation
+=== Section 45. ===
-for his services for each session, five dollars per day, and ten cents for every
-mile of necessary travel in going to and returning from the place of the meeting
-of the Legislative Assembly, on the most usual route.
-Sec. 46. A majority of the members of each house shall constitute a quorum, but
+Each member of the Legislative Assembly shall receive as a
-a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the attendance of
+compensation for his services for each session, five dollars per day,
-absent members, in such a manner, and under such a penalty, as may be prescribed
+and ten cents for every mile of necessary travel in going to and
-by law.
+returning from the place of the meeting of the Legislative Assembly,
+on the most usual route.
-Sec. 47. Each house shall be the judge of the election returns and
+=== Section 46. ===
+A majority of the members of each house shall constitute a quorum, but
+a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the
+attendance of absent members, in such a manner, and under such a
+penalty, as may be prescribed by law.
+=== Section 47. ===
+Each house shall be the judge of the election returns and
 qualifications of its own members.
-Sec. 48. Each house shall have the power to determine the rules of proceeding,
+=== Section 48. ===
-and punish its members or other persons for contempt or disorderly behavior in
-its presence; to protect its members against violence or offers of bribes or
+Each house shall have the power to determine the rules of proceeding,
-private solicitation, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, to expel a member,
+and punish its members or other persons for contempt or disorderly
-and shall have all other powers necessary and usual in the Legislative Assembly
+behavior in its presence; to protect its members against violence or
-of a free state. But no imprisonment by either house shall continue beyond
+offers of bribes or private solicitation, and with the concurrence of
-thirty days. Punishment for contempt or disorderly behavior shall not bar a
+two-thirds, to expel a member, and shall have all other powers
+necessary and usual in the Legislative Assembly of a free state. But
+no imprisonment by either house shall continue beyond thirty days.
+Punishment for contempt or disorderly behavior shall not bar a
 criminal prosecution for the same offense.
-Sec. 49. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and
+=== Section 49. ===
-nays on any question shall be taken and entered on the journal at the request of
-one-sixth of those present.
-Sec. 50. The sessions of each house and of the Committee of the Whole shall be
+Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and
+nays on any question shall be taken and entered on the journal at the
+request of one-sixth of those present.
+=== Section 50. ===
+The sessions of each house and of the Committee of the Whole shall be
 open unless the business is such as ought to be kept secret.
-Sec. 51. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more
+=== Section 51. ===
-than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall
-be sitting, except in case of epidemic, pestilence or other great danger.
+Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for
+more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the
+two houses shall be sitting, except in case of epidemic, pestilence or
+other great danger.
+=== Section 52. ===
-Sec. 52. The Senate and House of Representatives jointly shall be designated as
+The Senate and House of Representatives jointly shall be designated as
 the Legislative Assembly of the State of North Dakota.
-Sec. 53. The Legislative Assembly shall meet at the seat of government at 12
+=== Section 53. ===
-o'clock noon on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January, in the year
-next following the election of the members thereof.
-Sec. 54. In all elections to be made by the Legislative Assembly, or either
+The Legislative Assembly shall meet at the seat of government at 12
-house thereof, the members shall vote viva voce, and their votes shall be
+o'clock noon on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January,
-entered in the journal.
+in the year next following the election of the members thereof.
-Sec. 55. The sessions of the Legislative Assembly shall be biennial, except as
+=== Section 54. ===
+In all elections to be made by the Legislative Assembly, or either
+house thereof, the members shall vote viva voce, and their votes shall
+be entered in the journal.
+=== Section 55. ===
+The sessions of the Legislative Assembly shall be biennial, except as
 otherwise provided in this Constitution.
-Sec. 56. No regular sessions of the Legislative Assembly shall exceed sixty
+=== Section 56. ===
-days, except in case of impeachment, but the first session of the Legislative
-Assembly may continue for a period of one hundred and twenty days.
-Sec. 57. Any bill may originate in either house of tho Legislative Assembly, and
+No regular sessions of the Legislative Assembly shall exceed sixty
-a bill passed by one house may be amended by the other.
+days, except in case of impeachment, but the first session of the
+Legislative Assembly may continue for a period of one hundred and
+twenty days.
-Sec. 58. No law shall be passed, except by a bill adopted by both houses, and no
+=== Section 57. ===
-bill shall be so altered and amended on its passage through either house as to
-change its original purpose.
-Sec. 59. The enacting clause of every law shall be as follows: Be it enacted by
+Any bill may originate in either house of tho Legislative Assembly,
+and a bill passed by one house may be amended by the other.
+=== Section 58. ===
+No law shall be passed, except by a bill adopted by both houses, and
+no bill shall be so altered and amended on its passage through either
+house as to change its original purpose.
+=== Section 59. ===
+The enacting clause of every law shall be as follows: Be it enacted by
 the Legislative Assembly of the State of North Dakota.
-Sec. 60. No bill for the appropriation of money, except for the expenses of the
+=== Section 60. ===
-government, shall be introduced after the fortieth day of the session, except by
-unanimous consent of the house in which it is sought to be introduced.
-Sec. 61. No bill shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be expressed
+No bill for the appropriation of money, except for the expenses of the
-in its title, but a bill which violates this provision shall be invalidated
+government, shall be introduced after the fortieth day of the session,
-thereby only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed.
+except by unanimous consent of the house in which it is sought to be
+introduced.
-Sec. 62. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations
+=== Section 61. ===
-for the expenses of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Departments of the
-State, interest on the public debt and for public schools. All other
-appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.
-Sec. 63. Every bill shall be read three several times, but the first and second
+No bill shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be expressed
-readings, and those only, may be upon the same day; and the second reading may
+in its title, but a bill which violates this provision shall be
-be by title of the bill unless a reading at length be demanded. The first and
+invalidated thereby only as to so much thereof as shall not be so
-third readings shall be at length. No Legislative day shall be shorter than the
+expressed.
-natural day.
-Sec. 64. No bill shall be revised or amended, nor the provisions thereof
+=== Section 62. ===
-extended or incorporated in any other bill by reference to its title only, but
-so much thereof as is revised, amended or extended or so incorporated, shall be
-re-enacted and published at length.
-Sec. 65. No bill shall become a law except by a vote of the majority of all the
+The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but
-members elect in each house, nor unless, on its final passage, the vote be taken
+appropriations for the expenses of the Executive, Legislative and
-by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting be entered on the Journal.
+Judicial Departments of the State, interest on the public debt and for
+public schools. All other appropriations shall be made by separate
+bills, each embracing but one subject.
-Sec. 66. The presiding officer of each house shall, in the presence of the house
+=== Section 63. ===
-over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the
-Legislative Assembly ; immediately before such signing their title shall be
-publicly read, and the fact of signing shall be at once entered on the Journal.
-Sec. 67. No act of the Legislative Assembly shall take effect until July 1st,
+Every bill shall be read three several times, but the first and second
-after the close of the session unless in case of emergency (which shall be
+readings, and those only, may be upon the same day; and the second
-expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the Legislative Assembly shall,
+reading may be by title of the bill unless a reading at length be
-by a vote of two-thirds of all the members present in each house, otherwise
+demanded. The first and third readings shall be at length. No
-direct.
+Legislative day shall be shorter than the natural day.
-Sec. 68. The Legislative Assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into
+=== Section 64. ===
+No bill shall be revised or amended, nor the provisions thereof
+extended or incorporated in any other bill by reference to its title
+only, but so much thereof as is revised, amended or extended or so
+incorporated, shall be re-enacted and published at length.
+=== Section 65. ===
+No bill shall become a law except by a vote of the majority of all the
+members elect in each house, nor unless, on its final passage, the
+vote be taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting be
+entered on the Journal.
+=== Section 66. ===
+The presiding officer of each house shall, in the presence of the
+house over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions
+passed by the Legislative Assembly ; immediately before such signing
+their title shall be publicly read, and the fact of signing shall be
+at once entered on the Journal.
+=== Section 67. ===
+No act of the Legislative Assembly shall take effect until July 1st,
+after the close of the session unless in case of emergency (which
+shall be expressed in the preamble or body of the act), the
+Legislative Assembly shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members
+present in each house, otherwise direct.
+=== Section 68. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into
 effect the provisions of this Constitution.
-Sec. 69. The Legislative Assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of
+=== Section 69. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of
 the following enumerated cases, that is to say:
+<WRAP indent>
 . For granting divorces.
-. Laying out, opening, altering or working roads or highways, vacating roads,
+. Laying out, opening, altering or working roads or highways,
-town plats, streets, alleys or public grounds.
+vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys or public grounds.
 . Locating or changing county seats.
@@ Line 375: / Line 546: @@
 . Regulating the practice of courts of justice.
-. Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police
+. Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace,
-magistrates or constables.
+police magistrates or constables.
 . Changing the rules of evidence in any trial or inquiry.
@@ Line 384: / Line 555: @@
 . Declaring any person of age.
-. For limitation of civil actions, or giving effect to informal or invalid
+. For limitation of civil actions, or giving effect to informal or
-deeds.
+invalid deeds.
-. Summoning or impannelintr grand or petit juries.
+. Summoning or impaneling grand or petit juries.
 . Providing for the management of common schools.
@@ Line 393: / Line 564: @@
 . Regulating the rate of interest on money.
-. The opening or conducting of any election, or designating the place of
+. The opening or conducting of any election, or designating the
-voting.
+place of voting.
-. The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or othere under
+. The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or othere
-disability.
+under disability.
 . Chartering or licensing ferries, toll bridges or toll roads.
@@ Line 403: / Line 574: @@
 . Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures.
-. Creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentages or allowances of public
+. Creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentages or allowances
-officers.
+of public officers.
 . Changing the law of descent.
-. Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down
+. Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right
-railroad tracks, or any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise
+to lay down railroad tracks, or any special or exclusive privilege,
-whatever.
+immunity or franchise whatever.
 . For the punishment of crimes.
@@ Line 418: / Line 589: @@
 . For the assessment or collection of taxes.
-. Affecting estates of deceased persons, minors or others under legal
+. Affecting estates of deceased persons, minors or others under
-disabilities.
+legal disabilities.
 . Extending the time for the collection of taxes.
@@ Line 425: / Line 596: @@
 . Refunding money into the State Treasury.
-. Relinquishing or extinguishing in whole or in part the indebtedness,
+. Relinquishing or extinguishing in whole or in part the
-liability or obligation of any corporation or person to this State, or to any
+indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or person to
-municipal corporation therein.
+this State, or to any municipal corporation therein.
-. Legalizing, except as against the State, the unauthorized or invalid act of
+. Legalizing, except as against the State, the unauthorized or
-any officer.
+invalid act of any officer.
 . Exempting property from taxation.
@@ Line 438: / Line 609: @@
 . Authorizing the creation, extension or impairing of liens.
-. Creating offices, or prescribing the powers or duties of officers in
+. Creating offices, or prescribing the powers or duties of officers
-counties, cities, townships, election or school districts, or authorizing the
+in counties, cities, townships, election or school districts, or
-adoption or legitimation of children.
+authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children.
-. Incorporation of cities, towns or villages, or changing or amending the
+. Incorporation of cities, towns or villages, or changing or
-charter of any town, city or village.
+amending the charter of any town, city or village.
-. Providing for the election of members of the Board of Supervisors in
+. Providing for the election of members of the Board of Supervisors
-townships, incorporated towns or cities.
+in townships, incorporated towns or cities.
 . The protection of game or fish.
-Sec. 70. In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no
+</WRAP>
-special law shall be enacted; nor shall the Legislative Assembly indirectly
-enact such special or local law by the partial repeal of a general law; but laws
-repealing local or special acts may be passed.
-===== ARTICLE III.  EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. =====
+=== Section 70. ===
-Sec. 71. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, who shall reside at
+In all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no
-the seat of government, and shall hold his office for the term of two years and
+special law shall be enacted; nor shall the Legislative Assembly
-until his successor is elected and duly qualified.
+indirectly enact such special or local law by the partial repeal of a
+general law; but laws repealing local or special acts may be passed.
-Sec. 72. A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the same time and for the
+===== ARTICLE III. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. =====
-same term as the Governor. In case of the death, impeachment, resignation,
-failure to qualify, absence from the State, removal from office, or the
-disability of the Governor, the powers and duties of the office for the residue
-of the term, or until he shall be acquitted, or the disability be removed, shall
-devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor.
-Sec. 73. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant
+=== Section 71. ===
-Governor unless he be a citizen of the United States, and a qualified elector of
-the State, who shall have attained the age of thirty years, and who shall have
-resided five years next preceding the election within the State or Territory,
-nor shall he be eligible to any other office during the term for which he shall
-have been elected.
-Sec. 74. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected by the qualified
+The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, who shall reside at
+the seat of government, and shall hold his office for the term of two
+years and until his successor is elected and duly qualified.
+=== Section 72. ===
+A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the same time and for the
+same term as the Governor. In case of the death, impeachment,
+resignation, failure to qualify, absence from the State, removal from
+office, or the disability of the Governor, the powers and duties of
+the office for the residue of the term, or until he shall be
+acquitted, or the disability be removed, shall devolve upon the
+Lieutenant Governor.
+=== Section 73. ===
+No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant
+Governor unless he be a citizen of the United States, and a qualified
+elector of the State, who shall have attained the age of thirty years,
+and who shall have resided five years next preceding the election
+within the State or Territory, nor shall he be eligible to any other
+office during the term for which he shall have been elected.
+=== Section 74. ===
+The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected by the qualified
 electors of the State at the time and places of choosen members of the
-Legislative Assembly. The persons having the highest number of votes for
+Legislative Assembly. The persons having the highest number of votes
-Governor and Lieutenant Governor respectively shall be declared elected, but if
+for Governor and Lieutenant Governor respectively shall be declared
-two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes for Governor or
+elected, but if two or more shall have an equal and highest number of
-Lieutenant Governor, the two houses of the Legislative Assembly at its next
+votes for Governor or Lieutenant Governor, the two houses of the
-regular session shall forthwith, by joint ballot, choose one of such persons for
+Legislative Assembly at its next regular session shall forthwith, by
-said office. The returns of the election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor
+joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. The returns
-shall be made in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.
+of the election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be made in
+such manner as shall be prescribed by law.
-Sec. 75. The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval
+=== Section 75. ===
-forces of the State, except when they shall be called into the service of the
-United States, and may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress
-insurrection and repel invasion.  He shall have power to convene the Legislative
-Assembly on ex traordinary occasions. He shall at the commencement of each
-session communicate to the Legislative Assembly by message, in formation of the
-condition of the State, and recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient.
-He shall transact all necessary business with the officers of the government,
-civil and military. He shall expedite all such measures as may be resolved upon
-by the Legislative Assembly, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully
-executed.
-Sec. 76. The Governor shall have power to remit fines and for feitures, to grant
+The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval
-reprieves, commutations and pardous after conviction, for all offences except
+forces of the State, except when they shall be called into the service
-treason and cases of impeachment; but the Legislative Assembly may by law
+of the United States, and may call out the same to execute the laws,
-regulate the manner in which the remissiom of fines, pardons, commutations and
+suppress insurrection and repel invasion. He shall have power to
-reprieves may be applied for. Upon conviction for treason he shall have power to
+convene the Legislative Assembly on ex traordinary occasions. He shall
-suspend the execution of sentence until the case shall be reported to the
+at the commencement of each session communicate to the Legislative
-Legislative Assembly at its next regular session, when the Legislative Assembly
+Assembly by message, in formation of the condition of the State, and
-shall either pardon or commute the sentence, direct the execution of the
+recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall transact
-sentence or grant further reprieve. He shall communicate to the Legislative
+all necessary business with the officers of the government, civil and
-Assembly at each regular session each case of remission of fine, reprieve,
+military. He shall expedite all such measures as may be resolved upon
-commutation or pardon granted by him, stating the name of the convict, the crime
+by the Legislative Assembly, and shall take care that the laws be
-for which he is convicted, the sentence and its date, and the date of the
+faithfully executed.
-remission, commutation, pardon or reprieve, with his reasons for granting the
-same.
-Sec. 77. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate, but shall
+=== Section 76. ===
-have no vote unless they be equally divided. If, during a vacancy in the office
-of Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall be impeached, displaced, resign or
-die, or from mental or physical disease, or otherwise become incapable of
-performing the duties of his office, the Secretary of State shall act as
-Governor until the vacancy shall be filled or the disability removed.
-Sec. 78. When any office shall from any cause become vacant, and no mode is
+The Governor shall have power to remit fines and for feitures, to
-provided by the Constitution or law for filling such vacancy, the Governor shall
+grant reprieves, commutations and pardous after conviction, for all
-have power to fill such vacancy by appointment.
+offences except treason and cases of impeachment; but the Legislative
+Assembly may by law regulate the manner in which the remissiom of
+fines, pardons, commutations and reprieves may be applied for. Upon
+conviction for treason he shall have power to suspend the execution of
+sentence until the case shall be reported to the Legislative Assembly
+at its next regular session, when the Legislative Assembly shall
+either pardon or commute the sentence, direct the execution of the
+sentence or grant further reprieve. He shall communicate to the
+Legislative Assembly at each regular session each case of remission of
+fine, reprieve, commutation or pardon granted by him, stating the name
+of the convict, the crime for which he is convicted, the sentence and
+its date, and the date of the remission, commutation, pardon or
+reprieve, with his reasons for granting the same.
-Sec. 79. Every bill which shall have passed the Legislative As sembly shall,
+=== Section 77. ===
-before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he approve, he shall
-sigh, but if not, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which
-it originated, which shall enter the objections at large upon the Journal and
-proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the
-members elect shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the
-objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and
-if it be approved by two-thirds of the members elect, it shall become a law; but
-in all such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by the yeas and
-nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be
-entered upon the Journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be
-returned by the Governor within three days (Sundays excepted) after it shall
-have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, unless the Legislative
-Assembly by its adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall be a
-law, unless he shall file the same with his objections in the office of the
-Secretary of State, within fifteen days after such adjournment.
-Sec. 80. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items, or
+The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate, but shall
-part or parts of any bill making appropriations of money or property embracing
+have no vote unless they be equally divided. If, during a vacancy in
-distinct items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be the law, and
+the office of Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall be impeached,
-the item or items, and part or parts disapproved shall be void, unless enacted
+displaced, resign or die, or from mental or physical disease, or
-in the following manner: If the Legislative Assembly be in session he shall
+otherwise become incapable of performing the duties of his office, the
-transmit to the house in which the bill originated a copy of the item or items,
+Secretary of State shall act as Governor until the vacancy shall be
-or part or parts thereof disapproved, together with his objections thereto, and
+filled or the disability removed.
-the items or parts objected to shall be separately reconsidered, and each item
-or part shall then take the same course as is prescribed for the passage of
-bills over the executive veto.
-Sec. 81. Any Governor of this State who asks, receives or agrees to receive any
+=== Section 78. ===
-bribe upon any understanding that his official opinion, judgment or action shall
-be influenced thereby, or who gives or offers, or promises his official
+When any office shall from any cause become vacant, and no mode is
-influence in consideration that any member of the Legislative Assembly shall
+provided by the Constitution or law for filling such vacancy, the
-give his official vote or influence on any particular side of any question or
+Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy by appointment.
-matter upon which he may be required to act in his official capacity, or who
-menaces any member by the threatened use of his veto power, or who offers or
+=== Section 79. ===
-promises any member that he, the said Governor will appoint any particular
-person or persons to any office created or thereafter to be created, in
+Every bill which shall have passed the Legislative Assembly shall,
-consideration that any member shall give his official vote or influence on any
+before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor. If he approve,
-matter pending or thereafter to be introduced into either house of said
+he shall sign, but if not, he shall return it with his objections to
-Legislative Assembly, or who threatens any member that he, the said Governor,
+the house in which it originated, which shall enter the objections at
-will remove any person or persons from office or position with intent in any
+large upon the Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such
-manner to influence the action of said member, shall be punished in the manner
+reconsideration, two-thirds of the members elect shall agree to pass
-now or that may here after be provided by law, and upon conviction thereof shall
+the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other
-forfeit all right to hold or exercise any office of trust or honor in this
+house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it be
+approved by two-thirds of the members elect, it shall become a law;
+but in all such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by
+the yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against
+the bill shall be entered upon the Journal of each house respectively.
+If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within three days
+(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same
+shall be a law, unless the Legislative Assembly by its adjournment,
+prevent its return, in which case it shall be a law, unless he shall
+file the same with his objections in the office of the Secretary of
+State, within fifteen days after such adjournment.
+=== Section 80. ===
+The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items, or
+part or parts of any bill making appropriations of money or property
+embracing distinct items, and the part or parts of the bill approved
+shall be the law, and the item or items, and part or parts disapproved
+shall be void, unless enacted in the following manner: If the
+Legislative Assembly be in session he shall transmit to the house in
+which the bill originated a copy of the item or items, or part or
+parts thereof disapproved, together with his objections thereto, and
+the items or parts objected to shall be separately reconsidered, and
+each item or part shall then take the same course as is prescribed for
+the passage of bills over the executive veto.
+=== Section 81. ===
+Any Governor of this State who asks, receives or agrees to receive any
+bribe upon any understanding that his official opinion, judgment or
+action shall be influenced thereby, or who gives or offers, or
+promises his official influence in consideration that any member of
+the Legislative Assembly shall give his official vote or influence on
+any particular side of any question or matter upon which he may be
+required to act in his official capacity, or who menaces any member by
+the threatened use of his veto power, or who offers or promises any
+member that he, the said Governor will appoint any particular person
+or persons to any office created or thereafter to be created, in
+consideration that any member shall give his official vote or
+influence on any matter pending or thereafter to be introduced into
+either house of said Legislative Assembly, or who threatens any member
+that he, the said Governor, will remove any person or persons from
+office or position with intent in any manner to influence the action
+of said member, shall be punished in the manner now or that may here
+after be provided by law, and upon conviction thereof shall forfeit
+all right to hold or exercise any office of trust or honor in this
 State.
-Sec. 82. There shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the State at the
+=== Section 82. ===
-times and places of choosing members of the Legislative Assembly, a Secretary of
-State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of
-Insurance, three Commissioners of Railroads, one Attorney General and one
-Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor; who shall have attained the age of
-twenty-five years, shall be citizens of the United States, and shall have the
-qualifications of State electors. They shall severally hold their offices at the
-seat of government, for the term of two years and until their successors are
-elected and duly qualified, but no person shall be eligible to the office of
-Treasurer for more than two consecutive terms.
-Sec. 83. The powers and duties of the Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer,
+There shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the State at the
-Superintendent of Public Ins:ruction, Commissioner of Insurance, Commissioners
+times and places of choosing members of the Legislative Assembly, a
-of Railroads, Attorney General and Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor, shall
+Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public
-be as prescribed by law.
+Instruction, Commissioner of Insurance, three Commissioners of
+Railroads, one Attorney General and one Commissioner of Agriculture
+and Labor; who shall have attained the age of twenty-five years, shall
+be citizens of the United States, and shall have the qualifications of
+State electors. They shall severally hold their offices at the seat of
+government, for the term of two years and until their successors are
+elected and duly qualified, but no person shall be eligible to the
+office of Treasurer for more than two consecutive terms.
-Sec. 84. Until otherwise provided by law, the Governor shall receive an annual
+=== Section 83. ===
-salary of three thousand dollars; the Lieutenant Governor shall receive an
-annual salary of one thousand dollars; the Secretary of State, Auditor,
-Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Insurance,
-Commissioners of Railroads and Attorney General shall each receive an annual
-salary of two thousand dollars; the salary of the Commissioner of Agriculture
-and Labor shall be as prescribed by law, but the salaries of any of the said
-officers shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which they
-shall have been elected, and all fees and profits arising from any of the said
-offices shall be covered into the State treasury.
-===== ARTICLE IV.  JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. =====
+The powers and duties of the Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer,
+Superintendent of Public Ins:ruction, Commissioner of Insurance,
+Commissioners of Railroads, Attorney General and Commissioner of
+Agriculture and Labor, shall be as prescribed by law.
-Sec. 85. The judicial power of the State of North Dakota shall be vested in a
+=== Section 84. ===
-supreme court, district courts, county courts, justices of the peace, and in
-such other courts as may be created by law for cities, incorporated towns and
-villages.
-Sec. 86. The supreme court, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution,
+Until otherwise provided by law, the Governor shall receive an annual
-shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-extensive with the
+salary of three thousand dollars; the Lieutenant Governor shall
-State and shall have a general superintending control over all inferior courts
+receive an annual salary of one thousand dollars; the Secretary of
-under such regulations and limitations as may be prescribed by law.
+State, Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction,
+Commissioner of Insurance, Commissioners of Railroads and Attorney
+General shall each receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars;
+the salary of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor shall be as
+prescribed by law, but the salaries of any of the said officers shall
+not be increased or diminished during the period for which they shall
+have been elected, and all fees and profits arising from any of the
+said offices shall be covered into the State treasury.
-Sec. 87. It shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, quo
+===== ARTICLE IV. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. =====
-warranto, certiorari, injunction, and such other original and remedial writs as
-may be necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction, and shall have
-authority to hear and determine the same; Provided, however, that no jury trials
-shall be allowed in said supreme court, but in proper cases questions of fact
-may be sent by said court to a district court for trial.
-Sec. 88. Until otherwise provided by law three terms of the supreme court shall
+=== Section 85. ===
-be held each year, one at the seat of government, one at Fargo, in the county of
-Cass, and one at Grand Forks, in the county of Grand Forks.
-Sec. 89. The supreme court shall consist of three judges, a majority of whom
+The judicial power of the State of North Dakota shall be vested in a
-shall be necessary to form a quorum or pronounce a decision, but one or more of
+supreme court, district courts, county courts, justices of the peace,
-said judges may adjourn the court from day to day or to a day certain.
+and in such other courts as may be created by law for cities,
+incorporated towns and villages.
-Sec. 90. The judges of the supreme court shall be elected by the qualified
+=== Section 86. ===
-electors of the State at large, and except as may be otherwise provided herein
-for the first election for judges under this Constitution, said judges shall be
-elected at general elections.
-Sec. 91. The term of office of the judges of the supreme court, except as in
+The supreme court, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution,
-this article otherwise provided, shall be six years, and they shall hold their
+shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-extensive
-offices until their successors are duly qualified.
+with the State and shall have a general superintending control over
+all inferior courts under such regulations and limitations as may be
+prescribed by law.
-Sec. 92. The judges of the supreme court shall, immediately after the first
+=== Section 87. ===
-election under this Constitution, be classified by lot so that one shall hold
-his office for the term of three years, one for the term of five years and one
-for the term of seven years from the first Monday in December, A. D. 1889. The
-lots shall be drawn by the judges who shall for that purpose assemble at the
-seat of government, and they shall cause the result thereof to be certified to
-the Secretary of the Territory and filed in his office unless the Secretary of
-State of North Dakota shall have entered upon the duties of his office, in which
-event said certification shall be filed therein. The judge having the shortest
-term to serve, not holding his office by election or appointment to fill a
-vacancy, shall be Chief Justice and shall preside at all terms of the supreme
-court and in case of his absence the judge having in like manner the next
-shortest term to serve shall preside in his stead.
-Sec. 93. There shall be a clerk and also a reporter of the supreme court, who
+It shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, quo
-shall be appointed by the judges thereof, and who shall hold their offices
+warranto, certiorari, injunction, and such other original and remedial
-during the pleasure of said judges, and whose duties and emoluments shall be
+writs as may be necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction,
-prescribed by law and by rules of the supreme court not inconsistent with law.
+and shall have authority to hear and determine the same; Provided,
-The Legislative Assembly shall make provision for the publication and
+however, that no jury trials shall be allowed in said supreme court,
-distribution of the decisions of the supreme court and for the sale of the
+but in proper cases questions of fact may be sent by said court to a
-published volumes thereof.
+district court for trial.
-Sec. 94. No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the supreme court
+=== Section 88. ===
-unless he be learned in the law, be at least thirty years of age and a citizen
-of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided in this State or
-Territory of Dakota three years next preceding his election.
-Sec. 95. Whenever the population of the State of North Dakota shall equal six
+Until otherwise provided by law three terms of the supreme court shall
-hundred thousand the Legislative Assembly shall have the power to increase the
+be held each year, one at the seat of government, one at Fargo, in the
-number of the judges of the supreme court to five, in which event a majority of
+county of Cass, and one at Grand Forks, in the county of Grand Forks.
-said court, as thus increased, shall constitute a quorum.
-Sec 96. No duties shall be imposed by law upon the supreme court or auy of the
+=== Section 89. ===
-judges thereof, except such as are judicial, nor shall auy of the judges thereof
-exercise auy power of appointment except as herein provided.
-Sec. 97. The style of all process shall be "The State of North Dakota." All
+The supreme court shall consist of three judges, a majority of whom
-prosecutions shall be carried ou in the name and by the authority of the State
+shall be necessary to form a quorum or pronounce a decision, but one
-of North Dakota, and conclude "against the peace and dignity of the State of
+or more of said judges may adjourn the court from day to day or to a
-North Dakota."
+day certain.
-Sec. 98. Any vacancy happening by death, resignation or otherwise in the office
+=== Section 90. ===
-of judge of the supreme court shall be filled by appointment, by the Governor,
-which appointment shall continue until the first general election thereafter,
-when said vacancy shall be filled by election.
-Sec. 99. The judges of the supreme and district courts shall receive such
+The judges of the supreme court shall be elected by the qualified
-compensation for their services as may be prescribed by law, which compensation
+electors of the State at large, and except as may be otherwise
-shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which a judge shall
+provided herein for the first election for judges under this
-have been elected.
+Constitution, said judges shall be elected at general elections.
-Sec. 100. In case a judge of the supreme court shall be in any way interested in
+=== Section 91. ===
-a cause brought before said court, the remaining judges of said court shall call
-one of the district judges to sit with them on the hearing of said cause.
-Sec. 101. When a judgment or decree is reversed or confirmed by the supreme
+The term of office of the judges of the supreme court, except as in
-court every point fairly arising upon the record of the case shall be considered
+this article otherwise provided, shall be six years, and they shall
-and decided, and the reasons there for shall be concisely stated in writing,
+hold their offices until their successors are duly qualified.
-signed by the judges concurring, filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme
-court and preserved with a record of the case. Any judge dissenting there from
-may give the reasons of his dissent in writing over his signature.
-Sec. 102. It shall be the duty of the court to prepare a syllabus of the points
+=== Section 92. ===
-adjudicated in each case, which shall be concurred in by a majority of the
-judges thereof, and it shall be prefixed to the published reports of the case.
-DISTRICT COURTS.  Sec. 103. The district court shall have original jurisdiction,
+The judges of the supreme court shall, immediately after the first
-except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, of all causes both at law and
+election under this Constitution, be classified by lot so that one
-equity, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be conferred by law. They and the
+shall hold his office for the term of three years, one for the term of
-judges thereof shall also have jurisdiction and power to issue writs of habeas
+five years and one for the term of seven years from the first Monday
-corpus, quo warranto, certiorari, injunction and other original and remedial
+in December, A. D. 1889. The lots shall be drawn by the judges who
-writs, with authority to hear and determine the same.
+shall for that purpose assemble at the seat of government, and they
+shall cause the result thereof to be certified to the Secretary of the
+Territory and filed in his office unless the Secretary of State of
+North Dakota shall have entered upon the duties of his office, in
+which event said certification shall be filed therein. The judge
+having the shortest term to serve, not holding his office by election
+or appointment to fill a vacancy, shall be Chief Justice and shall
+preside at all terms of the supreme court and in case of his absence
+the judge having in like manner the next shortest term to serve shall
+preside in his stead.
-Sec. 104. The State shall be divided into Six Judicial Districts, in each of
+=== Section 93. ===
-which there shall be elected at general elections, by the electors thereof, one
-judge of the district court therein, whose term of office shall be four years
-from the first Monday in January succeeding his election and until his successor
-is duly qualified. This section shall not be construed as governing the first
-election of district judges under this Constitution.
-Sec. 105. Until otherwise provided by law said districts shall be constituted as
+There shall be a clerk and also a reporter of the supreme court, who
+shall be appointed by the judges thereof, and who shall hold their
+offices during the pleasure of said judges, and whose duties and
+emoluments shall be prescribed by law and by rules of the supreme
+court not inconsistent with law. The Legislative Assembly shall make
+provision for the publication and distribution of the decisions of the
+supreme court and for the sale of the published volumes thereof.
+=== Section 94. ===
+No person shall be eligible to the office of judge of the supreme
+court unless he be learned in the law, be at least thirty years of age
+and a citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided
+in this State or Territory of Dakota three years next preceding his
+election.
+=== Section 95. ===
+Whenever the population of the State of North Dakota shall equal six
+hundred thousand the Legislative Assembly shall have the power to
+increase the number of the judges of the supreme court to five, in
+which event a majority of said court, as thus increased, shall
+constitute a quorum.
+Sec 96. No duties shall be imposed by law upon the supreme court or
+auy of the judges thereof, except such as are judicial, nor shall auy
+of the judges thereof exercise auy power of appointment except as
+herein provided.
+=== Section 97. ===
+The style of all process shall be "The State of North Dakota." All
+prosecutions shall be carried ou in the name and by the authority of
+the State of North Dakota, and conclude "against the peace and dignity
+of the State of North Dakota."
+=== Section 98. ===
+Any vacancy happening by death, resignation or otherwise in the office
+of judge of the supreme court shall be filled by appointment, by the
+Governor, which appointment shall continue until the first general
+election thereafter, when said vacancy shall be filled by election.
+=== Section 99. ===
+The judges of the supreme and district courts shall receive such
+compensation for their services as may be prescribed by law, which
+compensation shall not be increased or diminished during the term for
+which a judge shall have been elected.
+=== Section 100. ===
+In case a judge of the supreme court shall be in any way interested in
+a cause brought before said court, the remaining judges of said court
+shall call one of the district judges to sit with them on the hearing
+of said cause.
+=== Section 101. ===
+When a judgment or decree is reversed or confirmed by the supreme
+court every point fairly arising upon the record of the case shall be
+considered and decided, and the reasons there for shall be concisely
+stated in writing, signed by the judges concurring, filed in the
+office of the clerk of the supreme court and preserved with a record
+of the case. Any judge dissenting there from may give the reasons of
+his dissent in writing over his signature.
+=== Section 102. ===
+It shall be the duty of the court to prepare a syllabus of the points
+adjudicated in each case, which shall be concurred in by a majority of
+the judges thereof, and it shall be prefixed to the published reports
+of the case.
+==== DISTRICT COURTS. ====
+=== Section 103. ===
+The district court shall have original jurisdiction, except as
+otherwise provided in this Constitution, of all causes both at law and
+equity, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be conferred by law.
+They and the judges thereof shall also have jurisdiction and power to
+issue writs of habeas corpus, quo warranto, certiorari, injunction and
+other original and remedial writs, with authority to hear and
+determine the same.
+=== Section 104. ===
+The State shall be divided into Six Judicial Districts, in each of
+which there shall be elected at general elections, by the electors
+thereof, one judge of the district court therein, whose term of office
+shall be four years from the first Monday in January succeeding his
+election and until his successor is duly qualified. This section shall
+not be construed as governing the first election of district judges
+under this Constitution.
+=== Section 105. ===
+Until otherwise provided by law said districts shall be constituted as
 follows:
-District No. One shall consist of the counties of Pembina, Cavalier, Walsh,
+District No. One shall consist of the counties of Pembina, Cavalier,
-Nelson and Grand Forks.
+Walsh, Nelson and Grand Forks.
-District No. Two shall consist of the counties of Ramsey, Towner, Benson,
+District No. Two shall consist of the counties of Ramsey, Towner,
-Pierce, Rolette, Bottineau, McHenry, Church, Renville, Ward, Stevens,
+Benson, Pierce, Rolette, Bottineau, McHenry, Church, Renville, Ward,
-Mountraille, Garfield, Flannery and Buford.
+Stevens, Mountraille, Garfield, Flannery and Buford.
-District No. Three shall consist of the counties of Cass, Steele and Traill.
+District No. Three shall consist of the counties of Cass, Steele and
+Traill.
-District No. Four shall consist of the counties of Richland, Ransom, Sargent,
+District No. Four shall consist of the counties of Richland, Ransom,
-Dickey and McIntosh.
+Sargent, Dickey and McIntosh.
-District No. Five shall consist of the counties of Logan, LaMoure, Stutsman,
+District No. Five shall consist of the counties of Logan, LaMoure,
-Barnes, Wells, Foster, Eddy and Griggs.
+Stutsman, Barnes, Wells, Foster, Eddy and Griggs.
-District No. Six shall consist of the counties of Burleigh, Emmons, Kidder,
+District No. Six shall consist of the counties of Burleigh, Emmons,
-Sheridan, McLean, Morton, Oliver, Mercer, Williams, Stark, Hettinger, Bowman,
+Kidder, Sheridan, McLean, Morton, Oliver, Mercer, Williams, Stark,
-Billings, McKenzie, Dunn, Wallace and Allred, and that portion of the Sioux
+Hettinger, Bowman, Billings, McKenzie, Dunn, Wallace and Allred, and
-Indian Reservation lying north of the Seventh Standard parallel.
+that portion of the Sioux Indian Reservation lying north of the
+Seventh Standard parallel.
-Sec. 106. The Legislative Assembly may whenever two-thirds of the members of
+=== Section 106. ===
-each house shall concur therein, but not oftener than once in four years,
-increase the number of said judicial districts and the judges thereof; such
-districts shall be formed from compact territory and bounded by county lines,
-but such increase or change in the boundaries of the districts shall not work
-the removal of any judge from his office during the term for which he may have
-been elected or appointed.
-Sec. 107. No person shall be eligible to the office of district judge, unless he
+The Legislative Assembly may whenever two-thirds of the members of
-be learned in the law, be at least twenty-five years of age, and a citizen of
+each house shall concur therein, but not oftener than once in four
-the United States, nor unless he shall have resided within the State or
+years, increase the number of said judicial districts and the judges
-Territory of Dakota at least two years next preceding his election, nor unless
+thereof; such districts shall be formed from compact territory and
-he shall at the time of his election be an elector within the Judicial District
+bounded by county lines, but such increase or change in the boundaries
-for which he is elected.
+of the districts shall not work the removal of any judge from his
+office during the term for which he may have been elected or
+appointed.
-Sec. 108. There shall be a Clerk of the District Court in each organized county
+=== Section 107. ===
-in which a court is holden who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the
-county, and shall hold his office for the same term as other county officers. He
-shall receive such compensation for his services as may be prescribed by law.
-Sec. 109. Writs of error and appeals may be allowed from the decisions of the
+No person shall be eligible to the office of district judge, unless he
-district courts to the Supreme Court under such regulations as may be prescribed
+be learned in the law, be at least twenty-five years of age, and a
-by law.
+citizen of the United States, nor unless he shall have resided within
+the State or Territory of Dakota at least two years next preceding his
+election, nor unless he shall at the time of his election be an
+elector within the Judicial District for which he is elected.
-COUNTY COURTS.
+=== Section 108. ===
-Sec. 110. There shall be established in each county a county court, which shall
+There shall be a Clerk of the District Court in each organized county
-be a court Of record open at all times and holden by one judge, elected by the
+in which a court is holden who shall be elected by the qualified
-electors of the county, and whose term of office shall be two years.
+electors of the county, and shall hold his office for the same term as
+other county officers. He shall receive such compensation for his
+services as may be prescribed by law.
-Sec. 111. The County Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in probate
+=== Section 109. ===
-and testamentary matters, the appointment of administrators and guardians, the
-settlement of the accounts of executors, administrators and guardians, the sale
-of lands by executors, administrators, and guardians, and such other probate
-jurisdiction as may be conferred by law; Provided, That whenever the voters of
-any county having a population of two thousand or over shall decide by a
-majority vote that they desire the jurisdiction of said court increased above
-that limited by this constitution, then said County Courts shall have concurrent
-jurisdiction with the District Courts in all civil actions where the amount in
-controversy does not exceed one thousand dollars, and in all criminal actions
-below the grade of felony, and in case it is decided by the voters of any county
-to so increase the jurisdiction of said county court, the jurisdiction in cases
-of misdemeanors arising under State laws which may have been conferred upon
-police magistrates, shall cease. The qualifications of the judge of the County
-Court in counties where the jurisdiction of said court shall have been increased
-shall be the same as those of the district judge, except he shall be a resident
-of the county at the time of his election, and said county judge shall receive
-such salary for his services as may be provided by law. In case the voters of
-any county decide to increase the jurisdiction of said county courts, then such
-jurisdiction as thus increased shall remain until otherwise provided by law.
-JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
+Writs of error and appeals may be allowed from the decisions of the
+district courts to the Supreme Court under such regulations as may be
+prescribed by law.
-Sec. 112. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the election of
+==== COUNTY COURTS. ====
-justices of the peace in each organized county within the state. But the number
-of said justices to be elected in each organized county shall be limited by law
+=== Section 110. ===
-to such a number as shall be necessary for the proper administration of justice.
-The justices of the peace herein provided for shall have concurrent jurisdiction
+There shall be established in each county a county court, which shall
-with the district court in all civil actions when the amount in controversy,
+be a court Of record open at all times and holden by one judge,
-exclusive of costs, does not exceed two hundred dollars, and in counties where
+elected by the electors of the county, and whose term of office shall
+be two years.
+=== Section 111. ===
+The County Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in probate
+and testamentary matters, the appointment of administrators and
+guardians, the settlement of the accounts of executors, administrators
+and guardians, the sale of lands by executors, administrators, and
+guardians, and such other probate jurisdiction as may be conferred by
+law; Provided, That whenever the voters of any county having a
+population of two thousand or over shall decide by a majority vote
+that they desire the jurisdiction of said court increased above that
+limited by this constitution, then said County Courts shall have
+concurrent jurisdiction with the District Courts in all civil actions
+where the amount in controversy does not exceed one thousand dollars,
+and in all criminal actions below the grade of felony, and in case it
+is decided by the voters of any county to so increase the jurisdiction
+of said county court, the jurisdiction in cases of misdemeanors
+arising under State laws which may have been conferred upon police
+magistrates, shall cease. The qualifications of the judge of the
+County Court in counties where the jurisdiction of said court shall
+have been increased shall be the same as those of the district judge,
+except he shall be a resident of the county at the time of his
+election, and said county judge shall receive such salary for his
+services as may be provided by law. In case the voters of any county
+decide to increase the jurisdiction of said county courts, then such
+jurisdiction as thus increased shall remain until otherwise provided
+by law.
+==== JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. ====
+=== Section 112. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the election of
+justices of the peace in each organized county within the state. But
+the number of said justices to be elected in each organized county
+shall be limited by law to such a number as shall be necessary for the
+proper administration of justice. The justices of the peace herein
+provided for shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the district
+court in all civil actions when the amount in controversy, exclusive
+of costs, does not exceed two hundred dollars, and in counties where
 no county court with criminal jurisdiction exists they shall have such
-jurisdiction to hear and determine cases of misdemeanor as may be provided by
+jurisdiction to hear and determine cases of misdemeanor as may be
-law, but in no case shall said justices of the peace have jurisdiction when the
+provided by law, but in no case shall said justices of the peace have
-boundaries of or title to real estate shall come in question. The Legislative
+jurisdiction when the boundaries of or title to real estate shall come
-Assembly shall have power to abolish the office of justice of the peace and
+in question. The Legislative Assembly shall have power to abolish the
-confer that jurisdiction upon judges of county courts, or elsewhere.
+office of justice of the peace and confer that jurisdiction upon
+judges of county courts, or elsewhere.
-POLICE MAGISTRATES.
+==== POLICE MAGISTRATES. ====
-Sec. 113. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the election of
+=== Section 113. ===
-police magistrates in cities, incorporated towns, and villages, who in addition
-to their jurisdiction of all cases arising under the ordinances of said cities,
-towns and villages, shall be ex-officio justices of the peace of the county in
-which said cities, towns and villages may be located. And the Legislative
-Assembly may confer upon said police magistrates the jurisdiction to hear, try
-and determine all cases of misdemeanors, and the prosecutions therein shall be
-by information.
-Sec. 114. Appeals shall lie from the county court, final decisions of justices
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the election of
-of the peace, and police magistrates in such cases and pursuant to such
+police magistrates in cities, incorporated towns, and villages, who in
-regulations as may be prescribed by law.
+addition to their jurisdiction of all cases arising under the
+ordinances of said cities, towns and villages, shall be ex-officio
+justices of the peace of the county in which said cities, towns and
+villages may be located. And the Legislative Assembly may confer upon
+said police magistrates the jurisdiction to hear, try and determine
+all cases of misdemeanors, and the prosecutions therein shall be by
+information.
-MISCELLANEOUS.
+=== Section 114. ===
-Sec. 115. The time of holding courts in the several counties of a district shall
+Appeals shall lie from the county court, final decisions of justices
-be as prescribed by law, but at least two terms of the district court shall be
+of the peace, and police magistrates in such cases and pursuant to
-held annually in each organized county, and the Legislative Assembly shall make
+such regulations as may be prescribed by law.
-provision for attaching unorganized counties or territories to organized
-counties for judicial purposes.
-Sec. 116. Judges of the district courts may hold court in other districts than
+==== MISCELLANEOUS. ====
+=== Section 115. ===
+The time of holding courts in the several counties of a district shall
+be as prescribed by law, but at least two terms of the district court
+shall be held annually in each organized county, and the Legislative
+Assembly shall make provision for attaching unorganized counties or
+territories to organized counties for judicial purposes.
+=== Section 116. ===
+Judges of the district courts may hold court in other districts than
 their own under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law.
-Sec. 117. No judge of the supreme or district court shall act as attorney or
+=== Section 117. ===
+No judge of the supreme or district court shall act as attorney or
 counsellor at law.
-Sec. 118. Until the Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for fixing the
+=== Section 118. ===
-terms of courts the judges of the supreme and district courts shall fix the
-terms thereof.
-Sec. 119. No judge of the supreme or district court shall be elected or
+Until the Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for fixing the
-appointed to any other than judicial offices or be eligible thereto during the
+terms of courts the judges of the supreme and district courts shall
-term for which he was elected or appointed such judge. All votes or appointments
+fix the terms thereof.
-for either of them for any elective or appointive office except that of judge of
-the supreme court, or district court, given by the Legislative Assembly or the
-people, shall be void.
-Sec. 120. Tribunals of conciliation may be established with such powers and
+=== Section 119. ===
-duties as shall be prescribed by law, or the powers and duties of such may be
-conferred upon other courts of justice; but such tribunals or other courts when
-sitting as such, shall have no power to render judgment to be obligatory on the
-parties, unless they voluntarily submit their matters of difference and agree to
-abide the judgment of such tribunals or courts.
-===== ARTICLE V.  ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. =====
+No judge of the supreme or district court shall be elected or
+appointed to any other than judicial offices or be eligible thereto
+during the term for which he was elected or appointed such judge. All
+votes or appointments for either of them for any elective or
+appointive office except that of judge of the supreme court, or
+district court, given by the Legislative Assembly or the people, shall
+be void.
-Sec. 121. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upwards belonging
+=== Section 120. ===
-to either of the following classes, who shall have resided in the state one
-year, in the county six months and in the precinct ninety days next preceding
+Tribunals of conciliation may be established with such powers and
-any election, shall be deemed a qualified elector at such election:
+duties as shall be prescribed by law, or the powers and duties of such
+may be conferred upon other courts of justice; but such tribunals or
+other courts when sitting as such, shall have no power to render
+judgment to be obligatory on the parties, unless they voluntarily
+submit their matters of difference and agree to abide the judgment of
+such tribunals or courts.
+===== ARTICLE V. ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. =====
+=== Section 121. ===
+Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upwards belonging
+to either of the following classes, who shall have resided in the
+state one year, in the county six months and in the precinct ninety
+days next preceding any election, shall be deemed a qualified elector
+at such election:
 First: Citizens of the United States.
-Second: Persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their intention to
+Second: Persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their
-become citizens, one year and not more than six years, prior to such election,
+intention to become citizens, one year and not more than six years,
-conformably to the naturalization laws of the United States.
+prior to such election, conformably to the naturalization laws of the
+United States.
+Third: Civilized persons of Indian descent who shall have severed
+their tribal relations two years next preceding such election.
+=== Section 122. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall be empowered to make further extensions
+of suffrage hereafter, at its discretion to all citizens of mature age
+and sound mind, not convicted of crime, without regard to sex; but no
+law extending or restricting the right of suffrage shall be enforced
+until adopted by a majority of the electors of the state voting at a
+general election.
+=== Section 123. ===
+Electors shall in all cases except treason, felony, breach of the
+peace or illegal voting, be privileged from arrest on the days of
+election during their attendance at, going to and returning from such
+election, and no elector shall be obliged to perform military duty on
+the day of election, except in time of war or public danger.
+=== Section 124. ===
+The general elections of the state shall be biennial, and shall be
+held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November;
+Provided, That the first general election under this Constitution
+shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November,
+A D. 1890.
+=== Section 125. ===
-Third: Civilized persons of Indian descent who shall have severed their tribal
+No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this state by
-relations two years next preceding such election.
+reason of his absence on business of the United States or of this
+state, or in the military or naval service of the United States.
-Sec. 122. The Legislative Assembly shall be empowered to make further extensions
+=== Section 126. ===
-of suffrage hereafter, at its discretion to all citizens of mature age and sound
-mind, not convicted of crime, without regard to sex; but no law extending or
-restricting the right of suffrage shall be enforced until adopted by a majority
-of the electors of the state voting at a general election.
-Sec. 123. Electors shall in all cases except treason, felony, breach of the
+No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the United States
-peace or illegal voting, be privileged from arrest on the days of election
+shall be deemed a resident of this state in consequence of his being
-during their attendance at, going to and returning from such election, and no
+stationed therein.
-elector shall be obliged to perform military duty on the day of election, except
-in time of war or public danger.
-Sec. 124. The general elections of the state shall be biennial, and shall be
+=== Section 127. ===
-held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November; Provided, That the
-first general election under this Constitution shall be held on the first
-Tuesday after the first Monday in November, A D. 1890.
-Sec. 125. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this state by
+No person who is under guardianship, non compos mentis or insane,
-reason of his absence on business of the United States or of this state, or in
+shall be qualified to vote at any election, nor shall any person
-the military or naval service of the United States.
+convicted of treason or felony, unless restored to civil rights.
-Sec. 126. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the United States
+=== Section 128. ===
-shall be deemed a resident of this state in consequence of his being stationed
-therein.
-Sec. 127. No person who is under guardianship, non compos mentis or insane,
+Any woman having the qualifications enumerated in section 121 of this
-shall be qualified to vote at any election, nor shall any person convicted of
+article as to age, residence and citizenship, and including those now
-treason or felony, unless restored to civil rights.
+qualified by the laws of the territory, may vote for all school
+officers, and upon all questions pertaining solely to school matters,
+and be eligible to any school office.
-Sec. 128. Any woman having the qualifications enumerated in section 121 of this
+=== Section 129. ===
-article as to age, residence and citizenship, and including those now qualified
-by the laws of the territory, may vote for all school officers, and upon all
-questions pertaining solely to school matters, and be eligible to any school
-office.
-Sec. 129. All elections by the people shall be by secret ballot, subject to such
+All elections by the people shall be by secret ballot, subject to such
 regulations as shall be provided by law.
 ===== ARTICLE VI. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. =====
-Sec. 130. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for the
+=== Section 130. ===
-organization of municipal corporations, restricting their powers as to levying
-taxes and assessments, borrowing money and contracting debts, and money raised
-by taxation, loan or assessment for any purpose shall not be diverted to any
-other purpose except by authority of law.
-===== ARTICLE VII.  CORPORATIONS OTHER THAN MUNICIPAL. =====
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for the
+organization of municipal corporations, restricting their powers as to
+levying taxes and assessments, borrowing money and contracting debts,
+and money raised by taxation, loan or assessment for any purpose shall
+not be diverted to any other purpose except by authority of law.
-Sec. 131. No charter of incorporation shall be granted, changed or amended by
+===== ARTICLE VII. CORPORATIONS OTHER THAN MUNICIPAL. =====
-special law, except in the case of such municipal, charitable, educational,
-penal or reformatory corporations as may be under the control of the state; but
-the Legislative Assembly shall provide by general laws for the organization of
-all corporations hereafter to be created, and any such law, so passed, shall be
-subject to future repeal or alteration.
-Sec. 132. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges,
+=== Section 131. ===
-under which a bona fide organization shall not have taken place and business
-been commenced in good faith at the time this Constitution takes effect, shall
-thereafter have no validity.
-Sec. 133. The Legislative Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter
+No charter of incorporation shall be granted, changed or amended by
-to any corporation now existing, nor alter or amend the same, nor pass any other
+special law, except in the case of such municipal, charitable,
-general of special law for the benefit of such corporation, except upon the
+educational, penal or reformatory corporations as may be under the
-condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the
+control of the state; but the Legislative Assembly shall provide by
-provisions of this constitution.
+general laws for the organization of all corporations hereafter to be
+created, and any such law, so passed, shall be subject to future
+repeal or alteration.
-Sec. 134. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged,
+=== Section 132. ===
-or so construed as to prevent the Legislative Assembly from taking the property
-and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use, the
-same as the property of individuals; and the exercise of the police power of
-this State shall never be abridged, or so construed as to permit corporations to
-conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of
-individuals or the general well-being of the State.
-Sec. 135. In all elections for directors or managers of a corporation, each
+All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges,
-member or share-holder may cast the whole number of his votes for one candidate,
+under which a bona fide organization shall not have taken place and
-or distribute them upon two or more candidates, as he may prefer.
+business been commenced in good faith at the time this Constitution
+takes effect, shall thereafter have no validity.
-Sec. 136. No foreign corporation shall do business in this state without having
+=== Section 133. ===
-one or more places of business and an authorized agent or agents in the same,
-upon whom process may be served.
-Sec. 137. No corporation shall engage in any business other than that expressly
+The Legislative Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter
+to any corporation now existing, nor alter or amend the same, nor pass
+any other general of special law for the benefit of such corporation,
+except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold
+its charter subject to the provisions of this constitution.
+=== Section 134. ===
+The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged,
+or so construed as to prevent the Legislative Assembly from taking the
+property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them
+to public use, the same as the property of individuals; and the
+exercise of the police power of this State shall never be abridged, or
+so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in
+such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the
+general well-being of the State.
+=== Section 135. ===
+In all elections for directors or managers of a corporation, each
+member or share-holder may cast the whole number of his votes for one
+candidate, or distribute them upon two or more candidates, as he may
+prefer.
+=== Section 136. ===
+No foreign corporation shall do business in this state without having
+one or more places of business and an authorized agent or agents in
+the same, upon whom process may be served.
+=== Section 137. ===
+No corporation shall engage in any business other than that expressly
 authorized in its charter.
-Sec. 138. No corporation shall issue stock or bonds except for money, labor
+=== Section 138. ===
-done, or money or property actually received; and all fictitious increase of
-stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and indebtedness of corporations
-shall not be increased except in pursuance of general law, nor without the
-consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value of the stock first
-obtained at a meeting to be held after sixty days' notice given in pursuance of
-law.
-Sec. 139. No law shall be passed by the Legislative Assembly granting the right
+No corporation shall issue stock or bonds except for money, labor
-to construct and operate a street railroad, telegraph, telephone or electric
+done, or money or property actually received; and all fictitious
-light plant within any city, town or incorporated village, without requiring the
+increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and
-consent of the local authorities having the control of the street or highway
+indebtedness of corporations shall not be increased except in
-proposed to be occupied for such purposes.
+pursuance of general law, nor without the consent of the persons
+holding the larger amount in value of the stock first obtained at a
+meeting to be held after sixty days' notice given in pursuance of law.
-Sec. 140. Every railroad corporation organized and doing business in this state,
+=== Section 139. ===
-under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and maintain a public office or
-place in the state for the transaction of its business, where transfers of its
-stock shall be made and in which shall be kept for public inspection, books in
-which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom, the
-names of the owners of its stock and the amount owned by them respectively; the
-amount of stock paid in and by whom, and the transfers of said stock; the
-amounts of its assets and liabilities and the names and place of residence of
-its officers. The directors of every railroad corporation shall annually make a
-report, under oath, to the auditor of public accounts, or some officer or
-officers to be designated by law, of all their acts and doings, which report
-shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law,
-and the Legislative Assembly shall pass laws enforcing by suitable penalties the
-provisions of this section. Providing the provisions of this section shall not
-be so construed as to apply to foreign corporations.
-Sec. 141. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, property or
+No law shall be passed by the Legislative Assembly granting the right
-franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing
+to construct and operate a street railroad, telegraph, telephone or
-line; and in no case shall any consolidation take place except upon public
+electric light plant within any city, town or incorporated village,
-notice given at least sixty days to all stockholders, in such manner as may be
+without requiring the consent of the local authorities having the
-provided by law. Any attempt to evade the provisions of this section, by any
+control of the street or highway proposed to be occupied for such
-railroad corporation, by lease or otherwise, shall work a forfeiture of its
+purposes.
-charter.
-Sec. 142. Railways heretofore constructed or that may hereafter be constructed
+=== Section 140. ===
-in this state are hereby declared public highways, and all railroad, sleeping
-car, telegraph, telephone and transportation companies of passengers,
-intelligence and freight, are declared to be common carriers and subject to
-legislative control; and the Legislative Assembly shall have power to enact laws
-regulating and controlling the rates of charges for the transportation of
-passengers, intelligence and freight, as such common carriers from one point to
-another in this State; Provided, That appeal may be had to courts of this State
-from the rate so fixed; but the rates fixed by the Legislative Assembly or Board
-of Railroad Commissioners shall remain in full force pending the decision of the
-courts.
-Sec. 143. Any association or corporation organized for the purpose shall have
+Every railroad corporation organized and doing business in this state,
-the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within this
+under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and maintain a public
-state, and to connect at the state line with the railroads of other states.
+office or place in the state for the transaction of its business,
-Every railroad company shall have the right with its road to intersect, connect
+where transfers of its stock shall be made and in which shall be kept
-with or cross any other; and shall receive and transport each other's
+for public inspection, books in which shall be recorded the amount of
-passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination.
+capital stock subscribed, and by whom, the names of the owners of its
+stock and the amount owned by them respectively; the amount of stock
+paid in and by whom, and the transfers of said stock; the amounts of
+its assets and liabilities and the names and place of residence of its
+officers. The directors of every railroad corporation shall annually
+make a report, under oath, to the auditor of public accounts, or some
+officer or officers to be designated by law, of all their acts and
+doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads
+as may be prescribed by law, and the Legislative Assembly shall pass
+laws enforcing by suitable penalties the provisions of this section.
+Providing the provisions of this section shall not be so construed as
+to apply to foreign corporations.
-Sec. 144. The term "corporation," as used in this article, shall not be
+=== Section 141. ===
-understood as embracing municipalities or political subdivisions of the State
-unless otherwise expressly stated, but it shall be held and construed to include
-all associations and joint stock companies having any of the powers or
-privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or partnerships.
-Sec. 145. If a general banking law be enacted, it shall provide for the registry
+No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, property or
-and countersigning by an officer of the State, of all notes or bills designed
+franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or
-for circulation, and that ample security to the full amount thereof shall be
+competing line; and in no case shall any consolidation take place
-deposited with the State Treasurer for the redemption of such notes or bills.
+except upon public notice given at least sixty days to all
+stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. Any attempt to
+evade the provisions of this section, by any railroad corporation, by
+lease or otherwise, shall work a forfeiture of its charter.
-Sec. 146. Any combination between individuals, corporations, associations, or
+=== Section 142. ===
-either having for its object or effect the controlling of the price of any
-product of the soil or any article of manufacture or commerce, or the cost of
-exchange or transportation, is prohibited and hereby declared unlawful and
-against public policy; and any and all franchises heretofore granted or
-extended, or that may hereafter be granted or extended in this state, when ever
-the owner or owners thereof violate this article shall be deemed annulled and
-become void.
-===== ARTICLE VIII.  EDUCATION. =====
+Railways heretofore constructed or that may hereafter be constructed
+in this state are hereby declared public highways, and all railroad,
+sleeping car, telegraph, telephone and transportation companies of
+passengers, intelligence and freight, are declared to be common
+carriers and subject to legislative control; and the Legislative
+Assembly shall have power to enact laws regulating and controlling the
+rates of charges for the transportation of passengers, intelligence
+and freight, as such common carriers from one point to another in this
+State; Provided, That appeal may be had to courts of this State from
+the rate so fixed; but the rates fixed by the Legislative Assembly or
+Board of Railroad Commissioners shall remain in full force pending the
+decision of the courts.
-Sec. 147. A high degree of intelligence, patriotism, integrity and morality on
+=== Section 143. ===
-the part of every voter in a government by the people being necessary in order
-to insure the continuance of that government and the prosperity and happiness of
+Any association or corporation organized for the purpose shall have
-the people, the Legislative Assembly shall make provision for the establishment
+the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points
-and maintenance of a system of public schools which shall be open to all
+within this state, and to connect at the state line with the railroads
-children of the state of North Dakota and free from sectarian control. This
+of other states. Every railroad company shall have the right with its
-legislative requirement shall be irrevocable without the consent of the United
+road to intersect, connect with or cross any other; and shall receive
+and transport each other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or
+empty, without delay or discrimination.
+=== Section 144. ===
+The term "corporation," as used in this article, shall not be
+understood as embracing municipalities or political subdivisions of
+the State unless otherwise expressly stated, but it shall be held and
+construed to include all associations and joint stock companies having
+any of the powers or privileges of corporations not possessed by
+individuals or partnerships.
+=== Section 145. ===
+If a general banking law be enacted, it shall provide for the registry
+and countersigning by an officer of the State, of all notes or bills
+designed for circulation, and that ample security to the full amount
+thereof shall be deposited with the State Treasurer for the redemption
+of such notes or bills.
+=== Section 146. ===
+Any combination between individuals, corporations, associations, or
+either having for its object or effect the controlling of the price of
+any product of the soil or any article of manufacture or commerce, or
+the cost of exchange or transportation, is prohibited and hereby
+declared unlawful and against public policy; and any and all
+franchises heretofore granted or extended, or that may hereafter be
+granted or extended in this state, when ever the owner or owners
+thereof violate this article shall be deemed annulled and become void.
+===== ARTICLE VIII. EDUCATION. =====
+=== Section 147. ===
+A high degree of intelligence, patriotism, integrity and morality on
+the part of every voter in a government by the people being necessary
+in order to insure the continuance of that government and the
+prosperity and happiness of the people, the Legislative Assembly shall
+make provision for the establishment and maintenance of a system of
+public schools which shall be open to all children of the state of
+North Dakota and free from sectarian control. This legislative
+requirement shall be irrevocable without the consent of the United
 States and the people of North Dakota.
-Sec. 148. The Legislative Assembly shall provide at their first session, after
+=== Section 148. ===
-the adoption of this Constitution, for a uniform system of free public schools
-throughout the state; beginning with the primary and extending through all
-grades up to and including the normal and collegiate course.
-Sec. 149. In all schools instruction shall be given as far as practicable in
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide at their first session, after
-those branches of knowledge that tend to impress upon the mind the vital
+the adoption of this Constitution, for a uniform system of free public
-importance of truthfulness, temperance, purity, public spirit, and respect for
+schools throughout the state; beginning with the primary and extending
-honest labor of every kind.
+through all grades up to and including the normal and collegiate
+course.
-Sec. 150. A Superintendent of Schools for each county shall be elected every two
+=== Section 149. ===
-years, whose qualifications, duties, powers and compensation shall be fixed by
-law.
-Sec. 152. The Legislative Assembly shall take such other steps as may be
+In all schools instruction shall be given as far as practicable in
-necessary to prevent illiteracy, secure a reasonable degree of uniformity in
+those branches of knowledge that tend to impress upon the mind the
-course of study, and to promote industrial, scientific and agricultural
+vital importance of truthfulness, temperance, purity, public spirit,
-improvement.
+and respect for honest labor of every kind.
-Sec. 152. All colleges, universities and other educational institutions, for the
+=== Section 150. ===
-support of which lands have been granted to this state, or which are supported
-by a public tax, shall remain under the absolute and exclusive control of the
-State. No money raised for the support of the public schools of the State shall
-be appropriated to or used for the support of any sectarian school.
-===== ARTICLE IX.  SCHOOL AND PUBLIC LANDS. =====
+A Superintendent of Schools for each county shall be elected every two
+years, whose qualifications, duties, powers and compensation shall be
+fixed by law.
-Sec. 153. All proceeds of the public lands that have hereto fore been, or may
+=== Section 151. ===
-hereafter be granted by the United States for the support of the common schools
-in this state; all such percentum as may be granted by the United States on the
-sale of public lands; the proceeds or property that shall fall to the state by
-escheat; the proceeds of all gifts and donations to the state for common
-schools, or not otherwise appropriated by the terms of the gift, and all other
-property otherwise acquired for common schools, shall be and remain a perpetual
-fund for the maintenance of the common schools of the state. It shall be deemed
-a trust fund, the principal of which shall forever remain inviolate and may be
-increased but never diminished. The state shall make good all losses thereof.
-Sec. 154. The interest and income of this fund together with the net proceeds of
+The Legislative Assembly shall take such other steps as may be
-all fines for violation of state laws, and all other sums which may be added
+necessary to prevent illiteracy, secure a reasonable degree of
-thereto by law, shall be faithfully used and applied each year for the benefit
+uniformity in course of study, and to promote industrial, scientific
-of the common schools of the state, and shall be for this purpose apportioned
+and agricultural improvement.
-among and between all the several common school corporations of the state in
-proportion to the number of children in each of school age, as may be fixed by
-law; and no part of the fund shall ever be diverted, even temporarily, from this
-purpose or used for any other purpose whatever than the maintenance of common
-schools for the equal benefit of all the people of the state ; Provided,
-however, That if any portion of the interest or income aforesaid be not expended
-during any year, said portion shall be added to and become a part of the school
-fund.
-Sec. 155. After one year from the assembling of the first Legislative Assembly,
+=== Section 152. ===
-the lands granted to the state from the United States for the support of the
-common schools, may be sold upon the following conditions and no other: No more
-than one-fourth of all such lands shall be sold within the first five years
-after the same become saleable by virtue of this section. No more than one-half
-of the remainder within ten years after the same become saleable as aforesaid.
-The residue may be sold at any time after the expiration of said ten years. The
-Legislative Assembly shall provide for the sale of all school lands subject to
-the provisions of this article. The coal lands of the State shall never be sold,
-but the Legislature Assembly may, by general laws, provide for leasing the same.
-The words "coal lands" shall include lands bearing lignite coal.
-Sec. 156. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Governor, Attorney-General,
+All colleges, universities and other educational institutions, for the
-Secretary of State and State Auditor, shall constitute a Board of Commissioners,
+support of which lands have been granted to this state, or which are
-which shall be denominated the "Board of University and School Lands," and,
+supported by a public tax, shall remain under the absolute and
-subject to the provisions of this article and any law that may be passed by the
+exclusive control of the State. No money raised for the support of the
-Legislative Assembly, said board shall have control of the appraisement, sale,
+public schools of the State shall be appropriated to or used for the
-rental and disposal of all school and university lands, and shall direct the
+support of any sectarian school.
-investment of the funds arising therefrom in the hands of the State Treasurer,
-under the limitations in section 160 of this article.
-Sec. 157. The county superintendent of common schools, the chairman of the
+===== ARTICLE IX. SCHOOL AND PUBLIC LANDS. =====
-county board, and the county auditor shall constitute boards of appraisal and
-under the authority of the State Board of University and School Lands shall
-appraise all school lands within their respective counties which they may from
-time to time recommend for sale at their actual value under the prescribed terms
-and shall first select and designate for sale the most valuable lands.
-Sec. 158. No land shall be sold for less than the appraised value and in no case
+=== Section 153. ===
-for less than ten dollars per acre. The purchaser shall pay one-fifth of the
-price in cash, and the remaining four-fifths as follows: One-fifth in five
-years, one-fifth in ten years, one-fifth in fifteen years and one-fifth in
-twenty years, with interest at the rate of not less than six per centum payable
-annually in advance. All sales shall be held at the county seat of the county in
-which the land to be sold is situate and shall be at public auction and to the
-highest bidder, after sixty days advertisement of the same in a newspaper of
-general circulation in the vicinity of the lands to be sold, and one at the seat
-of government. Such lands as shall not have been specially subdivided shall be
-offered in tracts of one quarter section, and those so subdivided in the
-smallest subdivisions. All lands designated for sale and not sold within two
-years after appraisal shall be reappraised before they are sold. No grant or
-patent for any such lands shall issue until payment is made for the same;
-Provided, that the lands contracted to be sold by the state, shall be subject to
-taxation from the date of such contract. In case the taxes assessed against any
-of said lands for any year remain unpaid until the first Monday in October of
-the following year, then and thereupon the contract of sale for such lands shall
-become null and void.
-Sec. 159. All land, money or other property donated, granted or received from
+All proceeds of the public lands that have hereto fore been, or may
-the United States or any other source for a University, School of Mines, Reform
+hereafter be granted by the United States for the support of the
-School, Agricultural College, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Normal School or other
+common schools in this state; all such percentum as may be granted by
-educational or charitable institution or purpose, and the proceeds of all such
+the United States on the sale of public lands; the proceeds or
-lands and other property so received from any source, shall be and remain
+property that shall fall to the state by escheat; the proceeds of all
-perpetual funds, the interest and income of which together with the rents of all
+gifts and donations to the state for common schools, or not otherwise
-such land as may remain unsold shall be inviolably appropriated and applied to
+appropriated by the terms of the gift, and all other property
-the specific objects of the original grants or gifts. The principal of every
+otherwise acquired for common schools, shall be and remain a perpetual
-such fund may be increased but shall never be diminished, and the interest and
+fund for the maintenance of the common schools of the state. It shall
-income only shall be used. Every such fund shall be deemed a trust fund held by
+be deemed a trust fund, the principal of which shall forever remain
-the state, and the state shall make good all losses thereof.
+inviolate and may be increased but never diminished. The state shall
+make good all losses thereof.
-Sec. 160. All lands mentioned in the preceding section shall be appraised and
+=== Section 154. ===
-sold in the same manner and under the same limitations and subject to all the
-conditions as to price and sale as provided above for the appraisal and sale of
-lands for the benefit of common schools; but a distinct and separate account
-shall be kept by the proper officers of each of said funds; Provided, That the
-limitations as to the time in which school land may be sold shall apply only to
-lands granted for the support of common schools.
-Sec. 161. The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for
+The interest and income of this fund together with the net proceeds of
-the leasing of lands granted to the state for educational and charitable
+all fines for violation of state laws, and all other sums which may be
-purposes; but no such law shall authorize the leasing of said lands for a longer
+added thereto by law, shall be faithfully used and applied each year
-period than five years.  Said land shall only be leased for pasturage and meadow
+for the benefit of the common schools of the state, and shall be for
-purposes and at a public auction after notice as heretofore provided in case of
+this purpose apportioned among and between all the several common
-sale. Provided that all of said school lands now under cultivation may be leased
+school corporations of the state in proportion to the number of
-at the discretion and under the control of the Board of University and School
+children in each of school age, as may be fixed by law; and no part of
-Lands, for other than pasturage and meadow purposes until sold. All rents shall
+the fund shall ever be diverted, even temporarily, from this purpose
-be paid in advance.
+or used for any other purpose whatever than the maintenance of common
+schools for the equal benefit of all the people of the state ;
+Provided, however, That if any portion of the interest or income
+aforesaid be not expended during any year, said portion shall be added
+to and become a part of the school fund.
-Sec. 162. The moneys of the permanent school fund and other educational funds
+=== Section 155. ===
-shall be invested only in bonds of school corporations within the state, bonds
-of the United States, bonds of the state of North Dakota or in first mortgages
-on farm lands in the state, not exceeding in amount one-third of the actual
-value of any subdivision on which the same may be loaned, such value to be
-determined by the board of appraisers of school lands.
-Sec. 163. No law shall ever be passed by the Legislative Assembly granting to
+After one year from the assembling of the first Legislative Assembly,
+the lands granted to the state from the United States for the support
+of the common schools, may be sold upon the following conditions and
+no other: No more than one-fourth of all such lands shall be sold
+within the first five years after the same become saleable by virtue
+of this section. No more than one-half of the remainder within ten
+years after the same become saleable as aforesaid. The residue may be
+sold at any time after the expiration of said ten years. The
+Legislative Assembly shall provide for the sale of all school lands
+subject to the provisions of this article. The coal lands of the State
+shall never be sold, but the Legislature Assembly may, by general
+laws, provide for leasing the same. The words "coal lands" shall
+include lands bearing lignite coal.
+=== Section 156. ===
+The Superintendent of Public Instruction, Governor, Attorney-General,
+Secretary of State and State Auditor, shall constitute a Board of
+Commissioners, which shall be denominated the "Board of University and
+School Lands," and, subject to the provisions of this article and any
+law that may be passed by the Legislative Assembly, said board shall
+have control of the appraisement, sale, rental and disposal of all
+school and university lands, and shall direct the investment of the
+funds arising therefrom in the hands of the State Treasurer, under the
+limitations in section 160 of this article.
+=== Section 157. ===
+The county superintendent of common schools, the chairman of the
+county board, and the county auditor shall constitute boards of
+appraisal and under the authority of the State Board of University and
+School Lands shall appraise all school lands within their respective
+counties which they may from time to time recommend for sale at their
+actual value under the prescribed terms and shall first select and
+designate for sale the most valuable lands.
+=== Section 158. ===
+No land shall be sold for less than the appraised value and in no case
+for less than ten dollars per acre. The purchaser shall pay one-fifth
+of the price in cash, and the remaining four-fifths as follows:
+One-fifth in five years, one-fifth in ten years, one-fifth in fifteen
+years and one-fifth in twenty years, with interest at the rate of not
+less than six per centum payable annually in advance. All sales shall
+be held at the county seat of the county in which the land to be sold
+is situate and shall be at public auction and to the highest bidder,
+after sixty days advertisement of the same in a newspaper of general
+circulation in the vicinity of the lands to be sold, and one at the
+seat of government. Such lands as shall not have been specially
+subdivided shall be offered in tracts of one quarter section, and
+those so subdivided in the smallest subdivisions. All lands designated
+for sale and not sold within two years after appraisal shall be
+reappraised before they are sold. No grant or patent for any such
+lands shall issue until payment is made for the same; Provided, that
+the lands contracted to be sold by the state, shall be subject to
+taxation from the date of such contract. In case the taxes assessed
+against any of said lands for any year remain unpaid until the first
+Monday in October of the following year, then and thereupon the
+contract of sale for such lands shall become null and void.
+=== Section 159. ===
+All land, money or other property donated, granted or received from
+the United States or any other source for a University, School of
+Mines, Reform School, Agricultural College, Deaf and Dumb Asylum,
+Normal School or other educational or charitable institution or
+purpose, and the proceeds of all such lands and other property so
+received from any source, shall be and remain perpetual funds, the
+interest and income of which together with the rents of all such land
+as may remain unsold shall be inviolably appropriated and applied to
+the specific objects of the original grants or gifts. The principal of
+every such fund may be increased but shall never be diminished, and
+the interest and income only shall be used. Every such fund shall be
+deemed a trust fund held by the state, and the state shall make good
+all losses thereof.
+=== Section 160. ===
+All lands mentioned in the preceding section shall be appraised and
+sold in the same manner and under the same limitations and subject to
+all the conditions as to price and sale as provided above for the
+appraisal and sale of lands for the benefit of common schools; but a
+distinct and separate account shall be kept by the proper officers of
+each of said funds; Provided, That the limitations as to the time in
+which school land may be sold shall apply only to lands granted for
+the support of common schools.
+=== Section 161. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for
+the leasing of lands granted to the state for educational and
+charitable purposes; but no such law shall authorize the leasing of
+said lands for a longer period than five years. Said land shall only
+be leased for pasturage and meadow purposes and at a public auction
+after notice as heretofore provided in case of sale. Provided that all
+of said school lands now under cultivation may be leased at the
+discretion and under the control of the Board of University and School
+Lands, for other than pasturage and meadow purposes until sold. All
+rents shall be paid in advance.
+=== Section 162. ===
+The moneys of the permanent school fund and other educational funds
+shall be invested only in bonds of school corporations within the
+state, bonds of the United States, bonds of the state of North Dakota
+or in first mortgages on farm lands in the state, not exceeding in
+amount one-third of the actual value of any subdivision on which the
+same may be loaned, such value to be determined by the board of
+appraisers of school lands.
+=== Section 163. ===
+No law shall ever be passed by the Legislative Assembly granting to
 any person, corporation or association any privileges by reason of the
-occupation, cultivation or improvement of any public lands by said person,
+occupation, cultivation or improvement of any public lands by said
-corporation or association subsequent to the survey thereof by the general
+person, corporation or association subsequent to the survey thereof by
-government. No claim for the occupation, cultivation or improvement of any
+the general government. No claim for the occupation, cultivation or
-public lands shall ever be recognized, nor shall such occupation, cultivation or
+improvement of any public lands shall ever be recognized, nor shall
-improvement of any public lands ever be used to diminish either directly or
+such occupation, cultivation or improvement of any public lands ever
-indirectly the purchase price of said lands.
+be used to diminish either directly or indirectly the purchase price
+of said lands.
-Sec. 164. The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for
+=== Section 164. ===
-the sale or disposal of all public lands that have been heretofore, or may
-hereafter be granted by the United States to the state for purposes other than
-set forth and named in sections 153 and 159 of this article. And the Legislative
-Assembly in providing for the appraisement, sale, rental and disposal of the
-same shall not be subject to the provisions and limitations of this article.
-Sec. 165. The Legislative Assembly shall pass suitable laws for the safekeeping,
+The Legislative Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for
-transfer and disbursement of the state school funds; and shall require all
+the sale or disposal of all public lands that have been heretofore, or
-officers charged with the same or the safe keeping thereof to give ample bonds
+may hereafter be granted by the United States to the state for
-for all moneys and funds received by them, and if any of said officers shall
+purposes other than set forth and named in sections 153 and 159 of
-convert to his own use in any manner or form, or shall loan with or without
+this article. And the Legislative Assembly in providing for the
-interest or shall deposit in his own name, or otherwise than in the name of the
+appraisement, sale, rental and disposal of the same shall not be
-state of North Dakota or shall deposit in any banks or with any person or
+subject to the provisions and limitations of this article.
-persons, or exchange for other funds or property any portion of the school funds
-aforesaid or purposely allow any portion of the same to remain in his own hands
-uninvested except in the manner prescribed by law, every such act shall
-constitute an embezzlement of so much of the aforesaid school funds as shall be
-thus taken or loaned, or deposited, or exchanged, or withheld and shall be a
-felony; and any failure to pay over, produce or account for, the state school
-funds or any part of the same entrusted to any such officer, as by law required
-or demanded, shall be held and be taken to be prima facie evidence of such
-embezzlement.
-===== ARTICLE X.  COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. =====
+=== Section 165. ===
-Sec. 166. The several counties in the Territory of Dakota lying north of the
+The Legislative Assembly shall pass suitable laws for the safekeeping,
-Seventh Standard Parallel, as they now exist, are hereby declared to be counties
+transfer and disbursement of the state school funds; and shall require
-of the State of North Dakota.
+all officers charged with the same or the safe keeping thereof to give
+ample bonds for all moneys and funds received by them, and if any of
+said officers shall convert to his own use in any manner or form, or
+shall loan with or without interest or shall deposit in his own name,
+or otherwise than in the name of the state of North Dakota or shall
+deposit in any banks or with any person or persons, or exchange for
+other funds or property any portion of the school funds aforesaid or
+purposely allow any portion of the same to remain in his own hands
+uninvested except in the manner prescribed by law, every such act
+shall constitute an embezzlement of so much of the aforesaid school
+funds as shall be thus taken or loaned, or deposited, or exchanged, or
+withheld and shall be a felony; and any failure to pay over, produce
+or account for, the state school funds or any part of the same
+entrusted to any such officer, as by law required or demanded, shall
+be held and be taken to be prima facie evidence of such embezzlement.
-Sec. 167. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for organizing
+===== ARTICLE X. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. =====
-new counties, locating the county seats thereof temporarily, and changing county
-lines; but no new county shall be organized nor shall any organized county be so
-reduced as to include an area of less than twenty-four congressional townships,
-and containing a population of less than one thousand bona fide inhabitants. And
-in the organization of new counties and in changing the lines of organized
-counties and boundaries of congressional townships the natural boundaries shall
-be observed as nearly as may be.
-Sec. 168. All changes in the boundaries of organized counties before taking
+=== Section 166. ===
-effect shall be submitted to the electors of the county or counties, to be
-effected thereby at a general election and be adopted by a majority of all the
-legal votes cast in each county at such election; and in case any portion of an
-organized county is stricken off and added to another, the county to which such
-portion is added shall assume and be holden for an equitable proportion of the
-indebtedness of the county so reduced.
-Sec. 169. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for changing
+The several counties in the Territory of Dakota lying north of the
-county seats in organized counties, but it shall have no power to remove the
+Seventh Standard Parallel, as they now exist, are hereby declared to
-county seat of any organized county.
+be counties of the State of North Dakota.
-Sec. 170. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for township
+=== Section 167. ===
-organization under which any county may organ ize whenever a majority of the
-legal voters of such county, voting at a general election shall so determine,
-and whenever any county shall adopt township organization, so much of this
-Constitution as provides for the management of the fiscal concerns of said
-county by the board of county commissioners may be dispensed with by a majority
-vote of the people voting at any general election; and the affairs of said
-county may be transacted by the chairmen of the several township boards of said
-county, and such others as may be provided by law for incorporated cities, towns
-or villages within such county.
-Sec. 171. In any county that shall have adopted a system of government by the
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for organizing
-chairmen of the several township boards, the question of continuing the same may
+new counties, locating the county seats thereof temporarily, and
-be submitted to the electors of such county at a general election in such a
+changing county lines; but no new county shall be organized nor shall
-manner as may be provided by law, and if a majority of all the votes cast upon
+any organized county be so reduced as to include an area of less than
-such question shall be against said system of government, then such system shall
+twenty-four congressional townships, and containing a population of
-cease in said county, and the affairs of said county shall then be transacted by
+less than one thousand bona fide inhabitants. And in the organization
-a board of county commissioners as is now provided by the laws of the Territory
+of new counties and in changing the lines of organized counties and
-of Dakota.
+boundaries of congressional townships the natural boundaries shall be
+observed as nearly as may be.
-Sec. 172. Until the system of county government by the chair men of the several
+=== Section 168. ===
-township boards is adopted by any county the fiscal affairs of said county shall
-be transacted by a board of county commissioners; said board shall consist of
-not less than three and not more than five members whose terms of office shall
-be' prescribed by law. Said board shall hold sessions for the transaction of
-county business as shall be provided by law.
-Sec. 173. At the first general election held after the adoption of this
+All changes in the boundaries of organized counties before taking
-Constitution, and every two years thereafter, there shall be elected in each
+effect shall be submitted to the electors of the county or counties,
-organized county in the State, a county judge, clerk of court, register of
+to be effected thereby at a general election and be adopted by a
-deeds, county auditor, treasurer, sheriff and states attorney, who shall be
+majority of all the legal votes cast in each county at such election;
-electors of the county in which they are elected and who shall hold their office
+and in case any portion of an organized county is stricken off and
-until their successors are elected and qualified. The Legislative Assembly
+added to another, the county to which such portion is added shall
-shall provide by law for such other county, township and district officers as
+assume and be holden for an equitable proportion of the indebtedness
-may be deemed necessary, and shall prescribe the duties and compensation of all
+of the county so reduced.
-county, township and district officers.  The sheriff and treasurer of any county
-shall not hold their respective offices for more than four years in succession.
+=== Section 169. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for changing
+county seats in organized counties, but it shall have no power to
+remove the county seat of any organized county.
+=== Section 170. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by general law for township
+organization under which any county may organ ize whenever a majority
+of the legal voters of such county, voting at a general election shall
+so determine, and whenever any county shall adopt township
+organization, so much of this Constitution as provides for the
+management of the fiscal concerns of said county by the board of
+county commissioners may be dispensed with by a majority vote of the
+people voting at any general election; and the affairs of said county
+may be transacted by the chairmen of the several township boards of
+said county, and such others as may be provided by law for
+incorporated cities, towns or villages within such county.
+=== Section 171. ===
+In any county that shall have adopted a system of government by the
+chairmen of the several township boards, the question of continuing
+the same may be submitted to the electors of such county at a general
+election in such a manner as may be provided by law, and if a majority
+of all the votes cast upon such question shall be against said system
+of government, then such system shall cease in said county, and the
+affairs of said county shall then be transacted by a board of county
+commissioners as is now provided by the laws of the Territory of
+Dakota.
+=== Section 172. ===
+Until the system of county government by the chair men of the several
+township boards is adopted by any county the fiscal affairs of said
+county shall be transacted by a board of county commissioners; said
+board shall consist of not less than three and not more than five
+members whose terms of office shall be' prescribed by law. Said board
+shall hold sessions for the transaction of county business as shall be
+provided by law.
+=== Section 173. ===
+At the first general election held after the adoption of this
+Constitution, and every two years thereafter, there shall be elected
+in each organized county in the State, a county judge, clerk of court,
+register of deeds, county auditor, treasurer, sheriff and states
+attorney, who shall be electors of the county in which they are
+elected and who shall hold their office until their successors are
+elected and qualified. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law
+for such other county, township and district officers as may be deemed
+necessary, and shall prescribe the duties and compensation of all
+county, township and district officers. The sheriff and treasurer of
+any county shall not hold their respective offices for more than four
+years in succession.
 ===== ARTICLE XI. REVENUE AND TAXATION. =====
-Sec. 174. The Legislative Assembly shall provide for raising revenue sufficient
+=== Section 174. ===
-to defray the expenses of the state for each year, not to exceed in any one year
-four (4) mills on the dollar of the assessed valuation of all taxable property
-in the state, to be ascertained by the last assessment made for state and
-county purposes, and also a sufficient sum to pay the interest on the state
-debt.
-Sec. 175. No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide for raising revenue sufficient
-imposing a tax shall state distinctly the object of the same, to which only it
+to defray the expenses of the state for each year, not to exceed in
-shall be applied.
+any one year four (4) mills on the dollar of the assessed valuation of
+all taxable property in the state, to be ascertained by the last
+assessment made for state and county purposes, and also a sufficient
+sum to pay the interest on the state debt.
-Sec. 176. Laws shall be passed taxing by uniform rule all property according to
+=== Section 175. ===
-its true value in money, but the property of the United States and the state,
-county and municipal corporations, both real and personal, shall be exempt from
-taxation, and the Legislative Assembly shall by a general law exempt from
-taxation property used exclusively for school, religions, cemetery or
-charitable purposes and personal property to any amount not exceeding in value
-two hundred dollars for each individual liable to taxation; but the Legislative
-Assembly may, by law, provide for the payment of a per centum of gross earnings
-of railroad companies to be paid in lieu of all State, county, township and
-school taxes on property exclusively used in and about the prosecution of the
-business of such companies as common carriers, but no real estate of said
-corporations shall be exempted from taxation in the same manner, and on the
-same basis as other real estate is taxed, except roadbed, right of way, shops
-and buildings used exclusively in their business as common carriers, and
-whenever and so long as such law providing for the payment of a per centum on
-earnings shall be in force, that part of section 179 of this article relating
-to assessment of railroad property shall cease to be in force.
-Sec. 177. All improvements on land shall be assessed in accordance with section
+No tax shall be levied except in pursuance of law, and every law
-, but plowing shall not be considered as an improvement or add to the value
+imposing a tax shall state distinctly the object of the same, to which
-of land for the purpose of assessment.
+only it shall be applied.
-Sec. 178. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered or suspended by any
+=== Section 176. ===
+Laws shall be passed taxing by uniform rule all property according to
+its true value in money, but the property of the United States and the
+state, county and municipal corporations, both real and personal,
+shall be exempt from taxation, and the Legislative Assembly shall by a
+general law exempt from taxation property used exclusively for school,
+religions, cemetery or charitable purposes and personal property to
+any amount not exceeding in value two hundred dollars for each
+individual liable to taxation; but the Legislative Assembly may, by
+law, provide for the payment of a per centum of gross earnings of
+railroad companies to be paid in lieu of all State, county, township
+and school taxes on property exclusively used in and about the
+prosecution of the business of such companies as common carriers, but
+no real estate of said corporations shall be exempted from taxation in
+the same manner, and on the same basis as other real estate is taxed,
+except roadbed, right of way, shops and buildings used exclusively in
+their business as common carriers, and whenever and so long as such
+law providing for the payment of a per centum on earnings shall be in
+force, that part of section 179 of this article relating to assessment
+of railroad property shall cease to be in force.
+=== Section 177. ===
+All improvements on land shall be assessed in accordance with section
+, but plowing shall not be considered as an improvement or add to
+the value of land for the purpose of assessment.
+=== Section 178. ===
+The power of taxation shall never be surrendered or suspended by any
 grant or contract to which the State or any county or other municipal
 corporation shall be a party.
+=== Section 179. ===
+All property, except as hereinafter in this section provided, shall be
+assessed in the county, city, township, town, village or district in
+which it is situated, in the manner prescribed by law. The franchise,
+roadway, roadbed, rails and rolling stock of all railroads operated in
+this state shall be assessed by the state board of equalization at
+their actual value and such assessed valuation shall be apportioned to
+the counties, cities, towns, town ships and districts in which said
+roads are located, as a basis for taxation of such property in
+proportion to the number of miles of railway laid in such counties,
+cities, towns, townships and districts.
+=== Section 180. ===
-Sec. 179. All property, except as hereinafter in this section provided, shall be
+The Legislative Assembly may provide for the levy, collection and
-assessed in the county, city, township, town, village or district in which it is
+disposition of an annual poll tax of not more than one dollar and
-situated, in the manner prescribed by law. The franchise, roadway, roadbed,
+fifty cents ($1.50) on every male inhabitant of this state over
-rails and rolling stock of all railroads operated in this state shall be
+twenty-one and under fifty years of age, except paupers, idiots,
-assessed by the state board of equalization at their actual value and such
+insane persons and Indians not taxed.
-assessed valuation shall be apportioned to the counties, cities, towns, town
-ships and districts in which said roads are located, as a basis for taxation of
-such property in proportion to the number of miles of railway laid in such
-counties, cities, towns, townships and districts.
-Sec. 180. The Legislative Assembly may provide for the levy, collection and
+=== Section 181. ===
-disposition of an annual poll tax of not more than one dollar and fifty cents
-($1.50) on every male inhabitant of this state over twenty-one and under fifty
-years of age, except paupers, idiots, insane persons and Indians not taxed.
-Sec. 181. The Legislative Assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry out
+The Legislative Assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry out
 the provisions of this article.
-===== ARTICLE XII.  Public Debt and Public Works. =====
+===== ARTICLE XII. Public Debt and Public Works. =====
-Sec. 182. The state may, to meet casual deficits or failure in the revenue, or
+=== Section 182. ===
-in case of extraordinary emergencies, contract debts, but such debts shall never
-in the aggregate exceed the sum of two hundred thousand dollars, exclusive of
-what may be the debt of North Dakota at the time of the adoption of this
-Constitution.  Every such debt shall be authorized by law for certain purposes
-to be definitely mentioned therein, and every such law shall provide for levying
-an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest semi-annually, and the principal
-within thirty years from the passage of such law, and shall specially
-appropriate the proceeds of such tax to the payment of said principal and
-interest, and such appropriation shall not be repealed nor the tax discontinued
-until such debt, both principal and interest, shall have been fully paid. No
-debt in excess of the limit named shall be incurred except for the pur pose of
-repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, defending the state in time of
-war, or to provide for public defense in case of threatened hostilities; but the
-issuing of new bonds to refund existing indebtedness, shall not be construed to
-be any part or portion of said two hundred thousand dollars.
-Sec. 183. The debt of any county, township, town, school district or any other
+The state may, to meet casual deficits or failure in the revenue, or
-political subdivision, shall never exceed five ( 5 ) per- centum upon the
+in case of extraordinary emergencies, contract debts, but such debts
-assessed value of the taxable property therein; Provided, That any incorporated
+shall never in the aggregate exceed the sum of two hundred thousand
-city may, by a two-thirds vote, increase such indebtedness three (3) per centum
+dollars, exclusive of what may be the debt of North Dakota at the time
-on such assessed value beyond said five (5) per cent, limit. In estimating the
+of the adoption of this Constitution. Every such debt shall be
-indebtedness which a city, county, township, school district or any other
+authorized by law for certain purposes to be definitely mentioned
-political subdivision may incur, the entire amount of existing indebtedness,
+therein, and every such law shall provide for levying an annual tax
-whether contracted prior or subsequent to the adoption of this constitution
+sufficient to pay the interest semi-annually, and the principal within
-shall be included; Provided, further, That any incorporated city may become
+thirty years from the passage of such law, and shall specially
-indebted in any amount not exceeding four (4) per centum on such assessed value
+appropriate the proceeds of such tax to the payment of said principal
-without regard to the existing indebtedness of such city, for the purpose of
+and interest, and such appropriation shall not be repealed nor the tax
-constructing or purchasing water works for furnishing a supply of water to the
+discontinued until such debt, both principal and interest, shall have
-inhabitants of such city, or for the pur pose of constructing sewers, and for no
+been fully paid. No debt in excess of the limit named shall be
-other purpose whatever.  All bonds or obligations in excess of the amount of
+incurred except for the pur pose of repelling invasion, suppressing
-indebtedness permitted by this constitution, given by any city, county, town
+insurrection, defending the state in time of war, or to provide for
-ship, town, school district, or any other political subdivision, shall be void.
+public defense in case of threatened hostilities; but the issuing of
+new bonds to refund existing indebtedness, shall not be construed to
+be any part or portion of said two hundred thousand dollars.
-Sec. 184. Any city, county, township, town, school district or any other
+=== Section 183. ===
-political subdivision incurring indebtedness shall, at or before the time of so
-doing, provide for the collection of an annual tax sufficient to pay the
-interest and also the principal thereof when due, and all laws or ordinances
-providing for the payment of the interest or principal of any debt shall be
-irrepealable until such debt be paid.
-Sec. 185. Neither the State nor any county, city, township, town, school
+The debt of any county, township, town, school district or any other
-district or any other political subdivision shall loan or give its credit or
+political subdivision, shall never exceed five ( 5 ) per- centum upon
-make donations to or in aid of any individual, association or corporation,
+the assessed value of the taxable property therein; Provided, That any
-except for necessary support of the poor, nor subscribe to or become the owner
+incorporated city may, by a two-thirds vote, increase such
-of the capital stock of any association or corporation, nor shall the State
+indebtedness three (3) per centum on such assessed value beyond said
-engage in any work of internal improvement unless authorized by a two-thirds
+five (5) per cent, limit. In estimating the indebtedness which a city,
-vote of the people.
+county, township, school district or any other political subdivision
+may incur, the entire amount of existing indebtedness, whether
+contracted prior or subsequent to the adoption of this constitution
+shall be included; Provided, further, That any incorporated city may
+become indebted in any amount not exceeding four (4) per centum on
+such assessed value without regard to the existing indebtedness of
+such city, for the purpose of constructing or purchasing water works
+for furnishing a supply of water to the inhabitants of such city, or
+for the pur pose of constructing sewers, and for no other purpose
+whatever. All bonds or obligations in excess of the amount of
+indebtedness permitted by this constitution, given by any city,
+county, town ship, town, school district, or any other political
+subdivision, shall be void.
-Sec. 186. No money shall be paid out of the state treasury except upon
+=== Section 184. ===
-appropriation by law and on warrant drawn by the proper officer and no bills,
-claims, accounts or demands against the state, or any county or other political
-subdivision, shall be audited, allowed or paid until a full itemized statement
-in writing shall be filed with the officer or officers, whose duty it may be to
-audit the same.
-Sec. 187. No bond or evidence of indebtedness of the state shall be valid unless
+Any city, county, township, town, school district or any other
-the same shall have indorsed thereon a certificate, signed by the Auditor and
+political subdivision incurring indebtedness shall, at or before the
-Secretary of State showing that the bond or evidence of debt is issued pursuant
+time of so doing, provide for the collection of an annual tax
-to and is within the debt limit. No bond or evidence of debt of any county, or
+sufficient to pay the interest and also the principal thereof when
-bond of any township or other political subdivision shall be valid unless the
+due, and all laws or ordinances providing for the payment of the
-same have endorsed thereon a certificate signed by the county auditor, or other
+interest or principal of any debt shall be irrepealable until such
-officer authorized by law to sign such certificate, stating that said bond, or
+debt be paid.
-evidence of debt, is issued pursuant to law and is within the debt limit.
-===== ARTICLE XIII.  MILITIA. =====
+=== Section 185. ===
-Sec. 188. The milita of this State shall consist of all able- bodied male
+Neither the State nor any county, city, township, town, school
-persons residing in the state, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five
+district or any other political subdivision shall loan or give its
-years, except such as may be exempted by the laws of the United States or of
+credit or make donations to or in aid of any individual, association
-this State. Persons whose religions tenets or conscientious scruples forbid them
+or corporation, except for necessary support of the poor, nor
-to bear arms shall not be compelled to do so in times of peace, but shall pay an
+subscribe to or become the owner of the capital stock of any
-equivalent for a personal service.
+association or corporation, nor shall the State engage in any work of
+internal improvement unless authorized by a two-thirds vote of the
+people.
-Sec. 189. The milita shall be enrolled, organized, uniformed, armed and
+=== Section 186. ===
-disciplined in such a manner as shall be provided by law, not incompatible with
-the Constitution or laws of the United States.
-Sec. 190. The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the establishment
+No money shall be paid out of the state treasury except upon
-of volunteer organizations of the several arms of the service, which shall be
+appropriation by law and on warrant drawn by the proper officer and no
-classed as active militia; and no other organized body of armed men shall be
+bills, claims, accounts or demands against the state, or any county or
-permitted to perform military duty in this State except the army of the United
+other political subdivision, shall be audited, allowed or paid until a
-States without the proclamation of the Governor of the State.
+full itemized statement in writing shall be filed with the officer or
+officers, whose duty it may be to audit the same.
-Sec. 191. All militia officers shall be appointed or elected in such a manner as
+=== Section 187. ===
-the Legislative Assembly shall provide.
-Sec. 192. The commissioned officers of the militia shall be commissioned by the
+No bond or evidence of indebtedness of the state shall be valid unless
-Governor, and no commissioned officer shall be removed from office except by
+the same shall have indorsed thereon a certificate, signed by the
-sentence of court martial, pursuant to law.
+Auditor and Secretary of State showing that the bond or evidence of
+debt is issued pursuant to and is within the debt limit. No bond or
+evidence of debt of any county, or bond of any township or other
+political subdivision shall be valid unless the same have endorsed
+thereon a certificate signed by the county auditor, or other officer
+authorized by law to sign such certificate, stating that said bond, or
+evidence of debt, is issued pursuant to law and is within the debt
+limit.
-Sec. 193. The militia forces shall in all cases, except treason, felony or
+===== ARTICLE XIII. MILITIA. =====
-breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at
-musters, parades and elections of officers, and in going to and returning from
-the same.
-===== ARTICLE XIV.  Impeachment and Removal from Office. =====
+=== Section 188. ===
-Sec. 194. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment.
+The milita of this State shall consist of all able- bodied male
-The concurrence of a majority of all members elected shall be necessary to an
+persons residing in the state, between the ages of eighteen and
-impeachment.
+forty-five years, except such as may be exempted by the laws of the
+United States or of this State. Persons whose religions tenets or
+conscientious scruples forbid them to bear arms shall not be compelled
+to do so in times of peace, but shall pay an equivalent for a personal
+service.
-Sec. 195. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate.  When sitting for that
+=== Section 189. ===
-purposes the senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice according
-to the law and evidence. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of
-two-thirds of the members elected. When the Governor or Lieutenant Governor is
-on trial, the presiding judge of the supreme court shall preside.
-Sec. 196. The Governor and other state and judicial officers, except county
+The milita shall be enrolled, organized, uniformed, armed and
-judges, justices of the peace, and police magistrates, shall be liable to
+disciplined in such a manner as shall be provided by law, not
-impeachment for habitual drunkenness, crimes, corrupt conduct, or malfeasance
+incompatible with the Constitution or laws of the United States.
-or misdemeanor in office, but judgment in such cases shall not extend further
-than removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of trust, or
-profit under the state. The person accused, whether convicted or acquitted,
-shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment
-according to law.
-Sec. 197. All officers not liable to impeachment shall be subject to removal
+=== Section 190. ===
-for misconduct, malfeasance, crime or misdemeanor in office, or for habitual
-drunkenness or gross incompetency in such manner as may be provided by law.
-Sec. 198. No officer shall exercise the duties of his office after he shall have
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the establishment of
-been impeached and before his acquittal.
+volunteer organizations of the several arms of the service, which
+shall be classed as active militia; and no other organized body of
+armed men shall be permitted to perform military duty in this State
+except the army of the United States without the proclamation of the
+Governor of the State.
-Sec. 199. On trial of impeachment against the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor
+=== Section 191. ===
-shall not act as a member of the court.
-Sec. 200. No person shall be tried on impeachment before he shall have been
+All militia officers shall be appointed or elected in such a manner as
-served with a copy thereof, at least twenty days previous to the day set for
+the Legislative Assembly shall provide.
-trial.
-Sec. 201. No person shall be liable to impeachment twice for the same offense.
+=== Section 192. ===
-===== ARTICLE XV.  Future Amendments. =====
+The commissioned officers of the militia shall be commissioned by the
+Governor, and no commissioned officer shall be removed from office
+except by sentence of court martial, pursuant to law.
-Sec. 202. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in
+=== Section 193. ===
-either house of the Legislative Assembly; and if the same shall be agreed to by
-a majority of the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed
-amendment shall be entered on the journal of the house with the yeas and nays
-taken thereon, and referred to the Legislative Assembly to be chosen at the next
-general election, and shall be published, as provided by law, for three months
-previous to the time of making such choice, and if in the Legislative Assembly
-so next chosen as aforesaid such proposed amendment or amendments shall be
-agreed to by a majority of all the members elected to each house, then it shall
-be the duty of the Legislative Assembly to submit such proposed amendment or
-amendments to the people in such manner and at such time as the Legislative
-Assembly shall provide; and if the people shall approve and ratify such
-amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for
-members of the Legis lative Assembly voting thereon, such amendment or
-amendments shall become a part of the Constitution of this state. If two or more
-amendments shall be submitted at the same time they shall be submitted in such
-manner that the electors shall vote for or against each of such amendments
-separately.
-===== ARTICLE XVI.  COMPACT WITH THE UNITED STATES. =====
+The militia forces shall in all cases, except treason, felony or
+breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance
+at musters, parades and elections of officers, and in going to and
+returning from the same.
-The following article shall be irrevocable without the consent of the United
+===== ARTICLE XIV. IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. =====
-States and the people of this State.
-Sec. 203.
+=== Section 194. ===
-First. Perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no
+The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment.
-inhabitant of this state shall ever be molested in person or property on
+The concurrence of a majority of all members elected shall be
-account of his or her mode of religious worship.
+necessary to an impeachment.
-Second. The people inhabiting this state do agree and declare that they forever
+=== Section 195. ===
-disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within
-the boundaries thereof, and to all lands lying within said limits owned or held
-by any Indian or Indian tribes, and that until the title thereto shall have been
-extinguished by the United States, the same shall be and remain subject to the
-disposition of the United States, and that said Indian lands shall remain under
-the absolute jurisdiction and control of the Congress of the United States;
-that the lands belonging to citizens of the United States residing without this
-state shall never be taxed at a higher rate than the lands belonging to
-residents of this state; that no taxes shall be imposed by this state on lands
-or property therein, belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the
-United States, or reserved for its use.  But nothing in this article shall
-preclude this state from taxing as other lands are taxed, any lands owned or
-held by any Indian who has severed his tribal relations, and has obtained from
-the United States or from any person, a title thereto, by patent or other grant,
-save and except such lands as have been or may be granted to any Indian or
-Indians under any acts of congress containing a provision exempting the lands
-thus granted from taxation, which ast mentioned lands shall be exempt from
-taxation so long, and to such an extent, as is, or may be provided in the act of
-congress granting the same.
-Third. In order that payment of the debts and liabilities contracted or incurred
+All impeachments shall be tried by the senate. When sitting for that
-by and in behalf of the Territory of Dakota may be justly and equitably provided
+purposes the senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice
-for and made, and in pursuance of the requirements of an act of congress approved
+according to the law and evidence. No person shall be convicted
-February 22, 1889, entitled "An act to provide for the division of Dakota into
+without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members elected. When the
-two states and to enable the people of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and
+Governor or Lieutenant Governor is on trial, the presiding judge of
-Washington to form constitutions and state governments and to be admitted into
+the supreme court shall preside.
-the Union on an equal footing with the original states, and to make donations of
-public lands to such states," the states of North Dakota and South Dakota, by
-proceedings of a joint commission, duly appointed under said act, the sessions
-whereof were held at Bismarck in said State of North Dakota, from July 16, 1889,
-to July 31, 1889, inclusive, have agreed to the following adjustment of the
-amounts of the debts and liabilities of the Territory of Dakota which shall be
-assumed and paid by each of the States of North Dakota and South Dakota,
-respectively, to-wit: This agreement shall take effect and be in force from and
-after the admission into the Union, as one of the United States of America, of
-either the State of North Dakota or the State of South Dakota.
-The words "State of North Dakota" wherever used in this agreement, shall be
+=== Section 196. ===
-taken to mean the Territory of North Dakota in case the State of South Dakota
-shall be admitted into the Union prior to the admission into the Union of the
-State of North Dakota; and the words "State of South Dakota," wherever used in
-this agreement, shall be taken to mean the Territory of South Dakota in case the
-State of North Dakota shall be admitted into the Union prior to the admission
-into the Union of the State of South Dakota.
-The said State of North Dakota shall assume and pay all bonds issued by the
+The Governor and other state and judicial officers, except county
-Territory of Dakota to provide funds for the purchase, construction, repairs or
+judges, justices of the peace, and police magistrates, shall be liable
-maintenance of such public institutions, grounds or buildings as are located
+to impeachment for habitual drunkenness, crimes, corrupt conduct, or
-within the boundaries of North Dakota, and shall pay all warrants issued under
+malfeasance or misdemeanor in office, but judgment in such cases shall
-and by virtue of that certain Act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory
+not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to
-of Dakota, approved March 8, 1889, entitled "An Act to provide for the refunding
+hold any office of trust, or profit under the state. The person
+accused, whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless be liable
+to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law.
+=== Section 197. ===
+All officers not liable to impeachment shall be subject to removal for
+misconduct, malfeasance, crime or misdemeanor in office, or for
+habitual drunkenness or gross incompetency in such manner as may be
+provided by law.
+=== Section 198. ===
+No officer shall exercise the duties of his office after he shall have
+been impeached and before his acquittal.
+=== Section 199. ===
+On trial of impeachment against the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor
+shall not act as a member of the court.
+=== Section 200. ===
+No person shall be tried on impeachment before he shall have been
+served with a copy thereof, at least twenty days previous to the day
+set for trial.
+=== Section 201. ===
+No person shall be liable to impeachment twice for the same offense.
+===== ARTICLE XV. FUTURE AMENDMENTS. =====
+=== Section 202. ===
+Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in
+either house of the Legislative Assembly; and if the same shall be
+agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each of the two
+houses, such proposed amendment shall be entered on the journal of the
+house with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and referred to the
+Legislative Assembly to be chosen at the next general election, and
+shall be published, as provided by law, for three months previous to
+the time of making such choice, and if in the Legislative Assembly so
+next chosen as aforesaid such proposed amendment or amendments shall
+be agreed to by a majority of all the members elected to each house,
+then it shall be the duty of the Legislative Assembly to submit such
+proposed amendment or amendments to the people in such manner and at
+such time as the Legislative Assembly shall provide; and if the people
+shall approve and ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of
+the electors qualified to vote for members of the Legislative
+Assembly voting thereon, such amendment or amendments shall become a
+part of the Constitution of this state. If two or more amendments
+shall be submitted at the same time they shall be submitted in such
+manner that the electors shall vote for or against each of such
+amendments separately.
+===== ARTICLE XVI. COMPACT WITH THE UNITED STATES. =====
+The following article shall be irrevocable without the consent of the
+United States and the people of this State.
+=== Section 203. ===
+First. Perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and
+no inhabitant of this state shall ever be molested in person or
+property on account of his or her mode of religious worship.
+Second. The people inhabiting this state do agree and declare that
+they forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public
+lands lying within the boundaries thereof, and to all lands lying
+within said limits owned or held by any Indian or Indian tribes, and
+that until the title thereto shall have been extinguished by the
+United States, the same shall be and remain subject to the disposition
+of the United States, and that said Indian lands shall remain under
+the absolute jurisdiction and control of the Congress of the United
+States; that the lands belonging to citizens of the United States
+residing without this state shall never be taxed at a higher rate than
+the lands belonging to residents of this state; that no taxes shall be
+imposed by this state on lands or property therein, belonging to, or
+which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, or reserved
+for its use. But nothing in this article shall preclude this state
+from taxing as other lands are taxed, any lands owned or held by any
+Indian who has severed his tribal relations, and has obtained from the
+United States or from any person, a title thereto, by patent or other
+grant, save and except such lands as have been or may be granted to
+any Indian or Indians under any acts of congress containing a
+provision exempting the lands thus granted from taxation, which ast
+mentioned lands shall be exempt from taxation so long, and to such an
+extent, as is, or may be provided in the act of congress granting the
+same.
+Third. In order that payment of the debts and liabilities contracted
+or incurred by and in behalf of the Territory of Dakota may be justly
+and equitably provided for and made, and in pursuance of the
+requirements of an act of congress approved February 22, 1889,
+entitled "An act to provide for the division of Dakota into two states
+and to enable the people of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and
+Washington to form constitutions and state governments and to be
+admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states,
+and to make donations of public lands to such states," the states of
+North Dakota and South Dakota, by proceedings of a joint commission,
+duly appointed under said act, the sessions whereof were held at
+Bismarck in said State of North Dakota, from July 16, 1889, to July
+, 1889, inclusive, have agreed to the following adjustment of the
+amounts of the debts and liabilities of the Territory of Dakota which
+shall be assumed and paid by each of the States of North Dakota and
+South Dakota, respectively, to-wit: This agreement shall take effect
+and be in force from and after the admission into the Union, as one of
+the United States of America, of either the State of North Dakota or
+the State of South Dakota.
+The words "State of North Dakota" wherever used in this agreement,
+shall be taken to mean the Territory of North Dakota in case the State
+of South Dakota shall be admitted into the Union prior to the
+admission into the Union of the State of North Dakota; and the words
+"State of South Dakota," wherever used in this agreement, shall be
+taken to mean the Territory of South Dakota in case the State of North
+Dakota shall be admitted into the Union prior to the admission into
+the Union of the State of South Dakota.
+The said State of North Dakota shall assume and pay all bonds issued
+by the Territory of Dakota to provide funds for the purchase,
+construction, repairs or maintenance of such public institutions,
+grounds or buildings as are located within the boundaries of North
+Dakota, and shall pay all warrants issued under and by virtue of that
+certain Act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Dakota,
+approved March 8, 1889, entitled "An Act to provide for the refunding
 of outstanding warrants drawn on the Capitol Building Fund."
-The said State of South Dakota shall assume and pay all bonds issued by the
+The said State of South Dakota shall assume and pay all bonds issued
-Territory or Dakota to provide funds for the purchase, construction, repairs or
+by the Territory or Dakota to provide funds for the purchase,
-maintenance of such public institutions, grounds or buildings as are located
+construction, repairs or maintenance of such public institutions,
-within the boundaries of South Dakota.
+grounds or buildings as are located within the boundaries of South
+Dakota.
-That is to say: The State of North Dakota shall assume and pay the following
+That is to say: The State of North Dakota shall assume and pay the
-bonds and indebtedness, to-wit:
+following bonds and indebtedness, to-wit:
-Bonds issued on account of the Hospital for Insane at Jamestown, North Dakota,
+Bonds issued on account of the Hospital for Insane at Jamestown, North
-the face aggregate of which is $266,000; also bonds issued on account of the
+Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $266,000; also bonds issued on
-North Dakota University at Grand Forks, North Dakota, the face aggregate of
+account of the North Dakota University at Grand Forks, North Dakota,
-which is $96,700; also, bonds issued on account of the Penitentiary at Bismarck,
+the face aggregate of which is $96,700; also, bonds issued on account
-North Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $93,600; also, refunding Capitol
+of the Penitentiary at Bismarck, North Dakota, the face aggregate of
-Building warrants dated April 1, 1889, $83,507.46.
+which is $93,600; also, refunding Capitol Building warrants dated
+April 1, 1889, $83,507.46.
-And the State of South Dakota shall assume and pay the following bonds and
+And the State of South Dakota shall assume and pay the following bonds
-indebtedness, to-wit:
+and indebtedness, to-wit:
-Bonds issued on account of the Hospital for the Insane at Yankton, South Dakota,
+Bonds issued on account of the Hospital for the Insane at Yankton,
-the face aggregate of which is $210,000; also, bonds issued on account of the
+South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $210,000; also, bonds
-School for Deaf Mutes, at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which
+issued on account of the School for Deaf Mutes, at Sioux Falls, South
-is $51,000; also, bonds issued on account of the University at Vermillion, South
+Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $51,000; also, bonds issued on
-Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $75,000; also, bonds issued on account of
+account of the University at Vermillion, South Dakota, the face
-the Penitentiary at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is
+aggregate of which is $75,000; also, bonds issued on account of the
-$94,300; also, bonds issued on account of the Agricultural College at Brookings,
+Penitentiary at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which
-South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $97,500; also, bonds issued on
+is $94,300; also, bonds issued on account of the Agricultural College
-account of the Normal School at Madison, South Dakota, the face aggregate of
+at Brookings, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $97,500;
-which is $49,400; also, bonds issued on account of the School of Mines at Rapid
+also, bonds issued on account of the Normal School at Madison, South
-City, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $33,000; also, bonds issued
+Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $49,400; also, bonds issued on
-on account of the Reform School at Plankinton, South Dakota, the face aggregate
+account of the School of Mines at Rapid City, South Dakota, the face
-of which is $30,000; also, bonds issued on account of the Normal School at
+aggregate of which is $33,000; also, bonds issued on account of the
-Spearfish, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $25,000; also bonds
+Reform School at Plankinton, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which
-issued on account of the Soldiers' Home at Hot Springs, South Dakota, the face
+is $30,000; also, bonds issued on account of the Normal School at
-aggregate of which is $45,000.
+Spearfish, South Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $25,000; also
+bonds issued on account of the Soldiers' Home at Hot Springs, South
+Dakota, the face aggregate of which is $45,000.
-The States of North Dakota and South Dakota shall pay one- half each of all
+The States of North Dakota and South Dakota shall pay one- half each
-liabilities now existing or hereafter and prior to the taking effect of this
+of all liabilities now existing or hereafter and prior to the taking
-agreement incurred, except those hereto fore or hereafter incurred on account of
+effect of this agreement incurred, except those hereto fore or
-public institutions, grounds or buildings, except as otherwise herein
+hereafter incurred on account of public institutions, grounds or
-specifically provided.
+buildings, except as otherwise herein specifically provided.
-The State of South Dakota shall pay to the State of North Dakota $46,500, on
+The State of South Dakota shall pay to the State of North Dakota
-account of the excess of Territorial appropriations for the permanent
+$46,500, on account of the excess of Territorial appropriations for
-improvement of territorial institutions which under this agreement will go to
+the permanent improvement of territorial institutions which under this
-South Dakota, and in full of the undivided one-half interest of North Dakota in
+agreement will go to South Dakota, and in full of the undivided
-the territorial library, and iu full settlement of unbalanced accounts, and of
+one-half interest of North Dakota in the territorial library, and iu
-all claims against the territory, of whatever nature, legal or equitable,
+full settlement of unbalanced accounts, and of all claims against the
-arising out of the alleged erroneous or unlawful taxation of Northern Pacific
+territory, of whatever nature, legal or equitable, arising out of the
-Railroad lands, and the payment of said amount shall discharge and exempt the
+alleged erroneous or unlawful taxation of Northern Pacific Railroad
-State of South Dakota from all liability for or on account of the several
+lands, and the payment of said amount shall discharge and exempt the
-matters herein before referred to; nor shall either state be called upon to pay
+State of South Dakota from all liability for or on account of the
-or answer to any portion of liability hereafter arising or accruing on account
+several matters herein before referred to; nor shall either state be
-of transactions heretofore had, which liability would be a liability of the
+called upon to pay or answer to any portion of liability hereafter
-Territory of Dakota had such territory remained in existence, and which
+arising or accruing on account of transactions heretofore had, which
-liability shall grow out of matters connected with any public institutions,
+liability would be a liability of the Territory of Dakota had such
-grounds or buildings of the territory situated or located within the boundaries
+territory remained in existence, and which liability shall grow out of
-of the other state.
+matters connected with any public institutions, grounds or buildings
+of the territory situated or located within the boundaries of the
+other state.
-A final adjustment of accounts shall be made upon the following basis: North
+A final adjustment of accounts shall be made upon the following basis:
-Dakota shall be charged with all sums paid on account of the public
+North Dakota shall be charged with all sums paid on account of the
-institutions, grounds or buildings located within its boundaries on account of
+public institutions, grounds or buildings located within its
-the current appropriations since March 9, 1889, and South Dakota shall be
+boundaries on account of the current appropriations since March 9,
-charged with all sums paid on account of public institutions, grounds or
+, and South Dakota shall be charged with all sums paid on account
-buildings located within its boundaries on the same account and during the same
+of public institutions, grounds or buildings located within its
-time. Each state shall be charged with one-half of all other expenses of the
+boundaries on the same account and during the same time. Each state
-territorial government during the same time.  All moneys paid into the treasury
+shall be charged with one-half of all other expenses of the
-during the period from March 8, 1889, to the time of taking effect of this
+territorial government during the same time. All moneys paid into the
-agreement by any county, municipality or person within the limits of the
+treasury during the period from March 8, 1889, to the time of taking
-proposed state of North Dakota, shall be credited to the State of North Dakota;
+effect of this agreement by any county, municipality or person within
-and all sums paid into said treasury within the same time by any county,
+the limits of the proposed state of North Dakota, shall be credited to
-municipality or person within the limits of the proposed State of South Dakota
+the State of North Dakota; and all sums paid into said treasury within
-shall be credited to the State of South Dakota; except that any and all taxes on
+the same time by any county, municipality or person within the limits
-gross earnings paid into said treasury by railroad corporations, since the 8th
+of the proposed State of South Dakota shall be credited to the State
-day of March, 1889, based upon earnings of years prior to 1888, under and by
+of South Dakota; except that any and all taxes on gross earnings paid
-virtue of the act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Dakota,
+into said treasury by railroad corporations, since the 8th day of
-approved March 7, 1889, and entitled "An Act providing for the levy and
+March, 1889, based upon earnings of years prior to 1888, under and by
-collection of taxes upon property of railroad companies in this Territory,"
+virtue of the act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of
-being Chapter 107 of the Session Laws of 1889, (that is, the part of such sums
+Dakota, approved March 7, 1889, and entitled "An Act providing for the
-going to the Territory) shall be equally divided between the States of North
+levy and collection of taxes upon property of railroad companies in
-Dakota and South Dakota; and all taxes heretofore or here after paid into said
+this Territory," being Chapter 107 of the Session Laws of 1889, (that
-treasury under and by virtue of the act last mentioned, based on the gross
+is, the part of such sums going to the Territory) shall be equally
-earnings of the year 1888, shall be distributed as already provided by law,
+divided between the States of North Dakota and South Dakota; and all
-except that so much thereof as goes to the territorial treasury shall be divided
+taxes heretofore or here after paid into said treasury under and by
-as fol lows: North Dakota shall have so much thereof as shall be or has been
+virtue of the act last mentioned, based on the gross earnings of the
-paid by railroads within the limits of the proposed State of North Dakota, and
+year 1888, shall be distributed as already provided by law, except
-South Dakota so much thereof as shall be or has been paid by railroads within
+that so much thereof as goes to the territorial treasury shall be
-the limits of the proposed State of South Dakota; each state shall be credited
+divided as fol lows: North Dakota shall have so much thereof as shall
-also with all balances of appropriations made by the Seventeenth Legislative
+be or has been paid by railroads within the limits of the proposed
-Assembly of the Territory of Dakota for the account of the public institutions,
+State of North Dakota, and South Dakota so much thereof as shall be or
-grounds or buildings situated within its limits, remaining unexpended on March
+has been paid by railroads within the limits of the proposed State of
-, 1889. If there shall be any indebtedness except the indebtedness represented
+South Dakota; each state shall be credited also with all balances of
-by the bonds and refunding warrants hereinbefore mentioned, each state shall at
+appropriations made by the Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of the
-the time of such final adjustment of accounts, assume its share of said
+Territory of Dakota for the account of the public institutions,
-indebtedness as determined by the amount paid on account of the public
+grounds or buildings situated within its limits, remaining unexpended
-institutions, grounds or buildings of such state in excess of the receipts from
+on March 8, 1889. If there shall be any indebtedness except the
-counties, municipalities, railroad corporations or persons within the limits of
+indebtedness represented by the bonds and refunding warrants
-said state, as provided in this article ; and if there should be a surplus at
+hereinbefore mentioned, each state shall at the time of such final
-the time of such final adjustment, each state shall be entitled to the amounts
+adjustment of accounts, assume its share of said indebtedness as
-received from counties, municipalities, railroad corporations or persons within
+determined by the amount paid on account of the public institutions,
-its limits over and above the amount charged it.  And the State of North Dakota
+grounds or buildings of such state in excess of the receipts from
-hereby obligates itself to pay such part of the debts and liabilities of the
+counties, municipalities, railroad corporations or persons within the
-Territory of Dakota as is declared by the foregoing agreement to be its
+limits of said state, as provided in this article ; and if there
-proportion thereof, the same as if such proportion had been originally created
+should be a surplus at the time of such final adjustment, each state
-by said State of North Dakota as its own debt or liability.
+shall be entitled to the amounts received from counties,
+municipalities, railroad corporations or persons within its limits
+over and above the amount charged it. And the State of North Dakota
+hereby obligates itself to pay such part of the debts and liabilities
+of the Territory of Dakota as is declared by the foregoing agreement
+to be its proportion thereof, the same as if such proportion had been
+originally created by said State of North Dakota as its own debt or
+liability.
-Sec. 204. Jurisdiction is ceded to the United States over the military
+=== Section 204. ===
-reservations of Fort Abraham Lincoln, Fort Buford, Fort Pembina and Fort Totten,
-heretofore declared by the President of the United States; Provided, Legal
+Jurisdiction is ceded to the United States over the military
-process, civil and criminal, of this state, shall extend over such reservations
+reservations of Fort Abraham Lincoln, Fort Buford, Fort Pembina and
-in all cases in which exclusive jurisdiction is not vested in the United States,
+Fort Totten, heretofore declared by the President of the United
-or of crimes not committed within the limits of such reservations.  Sec. 205.
+States; Provided, Legal process, civil and criminal, of this state,
-The State of North Dakota hereby accepts the several grants of land granted by
+shall extend over such reservations in all cases in which exclusive
-the United States to the State of North Dakota by an act of congress entitled
+jurisdiction is not vested in the United States, or of crimes not
-"An act to provide for the division of Dakota into two states, and to enable the
+committed within the limits of such reservations.
-people of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington to form
-Constitutions and state governments, and to be admitted into the Union on equal
+=== Section 205. ===
-footing with the original states, and to make donations of public lands to such
-states," under the conditions and limitations therein mentioned; reserving the
+The State of North Dakota hereby accepts the several grants of land
-right however to apply to congress for modifications of said conditions and
+granted by the United States to the State of North Dakota by an act of
+congress entitled "An act to provide for the division of Dakota into
+two states, and to enable the people of North Dakota, South Dakota,
+Montana and Washington to form Constitutions and state governments,
+and to be admitted into the Union on equal footing with the original
+states, and to make donations of public lands to such states," under
+the conditions and limitations therein mentioned; reserving the right
+however to apply to congress for modifications of said conditions and
 limitations in case of necessity.
-===== ARTICLE XVII.  MISCELLANEOUS. =====
+===== ARTICLE XVII. MISCELLANEOUS. =====
-Sec. 206. The name of this state shall be "North Dakota." The State of North
+=== Section 206. ===
-Dakota shall consist of all the territory included within the following
-boundaries, to-wit: Commencing at a point in the main channel of the Red River
-of the north, where the forty-ninth degree of north latitude crosses the same;
-thence south up the main channel of the same and along the boundary line of the
-State of Minnesota to a point where the Seventh Standard parallel intersects the
-same; thence west along said Seventh Standard parallel produced due west to a
-point where it intersects the twenty-seventh meridian of longitude west from
-Washington; thence north on said meridian to a point where it intersects the
-forty-ninth degree of north latitude; thence east along said line to place of
-beginning.
-Sec. 207. The following described seal is hereby declared to be and hereby
+The name of this state shall be "North Dakota." The State of North
-constituted the Great Seal of the State of North Dakota, to-wit: A tree in the
+Dakota shall consist of all the territory included within the
-open field, the trunk of which is surrounded by three bundles of wheat; on the
+following boundaries, to-wit: Commencing at a point in the main
-right a plow, anvil and sledge; on the left a bow crossed with three arrows, and
+channel of the Red River of the north, where the forty-ninth degree of
-an Indian on horseback pursuing a buffalo towards the setting sun; the foliage
+north latitude crosses the same; thence south up the main channel of
-of the tree arched by a half circle of forty two stars, surrounded by the motto
+the same and along the boundary line of the State of Minnesota to a
-"Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable;" the words "Great
+point where the Seventh Standard parallel intersects the same; thence
-Seal" at the top; the words "State of North Dakota" at the bottom ; "October
+west along said Seventh Standard parallel produced due west to a point
-st" on on the left and "1889" on the right. The seal to be two and one-half
+where it intersects the twenty-seventh meridian of longitude west from
-inches in diameter.
+Washington; thence north on said meridian to a point where it
+intersects the forty-ninth degree of north latitude; thence east along
+said line to place of beginning.
-Sec. 208. The right of the debtor to enjoy the comforts and necessaries of life
+=== Section 207. ===
-shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting from forced sale to all heads
-of families a homestead the value of which shall be limited and defined by law,
-and a reasonable amount of personal property; the kind and value shall be fixed
-by law. This section shall not be construed to prevent liens against the
-homestead for labor done and materials furnished in the improvement thereof, in
-such manner as may be prescribed by law.
-Sec. 209. The labor of children under twelve years of age, shall be prohibited
+The following described seal is hereby declared to be and hereby
-in mines, factories and workshops in this state.
+constituted the Great Seal of the State of North Dakota, to-wit: A
+tree in the open field, the trunk of which is surrounded by three
+bundles of wheat; on the right a plow, anvil and sledge; on the left a
+bow crossed with three arrows, and an Indian on horseback pursuing a
+buffalo towards the setting sun; the foliage of the tree arched by a
+half circle of forty two stars, surrounded by the motto "Liberty and
+Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable;" the words "Great Seal"
+at the top; the words "State of North Dakota" at the bottom ; "October
+st" on on the left and "1889" on the right. The seal to be two and
+one-half inches in diameter.
-Sec. 210. All flowing streams and natural water courses shall forever remain the
+=== Section 208. ===
-property of the State for mining, irrigating and manufacturing purposes.
-Sec. 211. Members of the Legislative Assembly and judicial department except
+The right of the debtor to enjoy the comforts and necessaries of life
-such inferior officers as may be by law exempted shall, before they enter on the
+shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting from forced sale to
-duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or
+all heads of families a homestead the value of which shall be limited
-affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm as the case may be) that I will
+and defined by law, and a reasonable amount of personal property; the
-support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State
+kind and value shall be fixed by law. This section shall not be
-of North Dakota; and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office
+construed to prevent liens against the homestead for labor done and
-of according to the best of my ability, so help me God," (if an oath), (under
+materials furnished in the improvement thereof, in such manner as may
-pains and penalties of perjury), if an affirmation, and no other oath,
+be prescribed by law.
-declaration, or test shall be required as a qualification for any office or
-public trust.
-Sec. 212. The exchange of "black lists" between corporations shall be
+=== Section 209. ===
-prohibited.
-Sec. 213. The real and personal property of any woman in this State, acquired
+The labor of children under twelve years of age, shall be prohibited
-before marriage, and all property to which she may after marriage become in any
+in mines, factories and workshops in this state.
-manner rightfully entitled, shall be her separate property and shall not be
-liable for the debts of her husband.
-===== ARTICLE XVIII.  CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT. =====
+=== Section 210. ===
-Sec. 214. Until otherwise provided by law, the member of the House of
+All flowing streams and natural water courses shall forever remain the
-Representatives of the United States apportioned to this State, shall be elected
+property of the State for mining, irrigating and manufacturing
-at large.
+purposes.
-Until otherwise provided by law, the Senatorial and Representative Districts
+=== Section 211. ===
-shall be formed, and the senators and the representatives shall be apportioned
-as follows:
-The First District shall consist of the townships of Walhalla, St. Joseph,
+Members of the Legislative Assembly and judicial department except
-Neche, Pembina, Bathgate, Carlisle, Joliet, Midland, Lincoln and Drayton, in the
+such inferior officers as may be by law exempted shall, before they
-county of Pembina, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
+enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe
+the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm as
+the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United
+States and the Constitution of the State of North Dakota; and that I
+will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of according to the
+best of my ability, so help me God," (if an oath), (under pains and
+penalties of perjury), if an affirmation, and no other oath,
+declaration, or test shall be required as a qualification for any
+office or public trust.
-The Second District shall consist of the townships of St. Thomas, Hamilton,
+=== Section 212. ===
-Cavalier, Akra, Beaulien, Thingvalla, Gardar, Park, Crystal, Elora and Lodema,
-in the county of Pembina, and be entitled to one senator and two
-representatives.
-The Third District shall consist of the townships of Perth, Latona, Adams,
+The exchange of "black lists" between corporations shall be
-Silvesta, Cleveland, Morton, Vesta, Tiber, Medford, Vernon, Golden, Lampton,
+prohibited.
-Eden, Rushford, Kensington, Dundee, Ops, Prairie Center, Fertile, Park River and
-Glenwood, in the county of Walsh, and be entitled to one senator and two
-representatives.
-The Fourth District shall consist of the townships of Forest River, Walsh
+=== Section 213. ===
-Center, Grafton, Farmington, Ardock, Village of Ardock, Harrison, City of
-Grafton, Oakwood, Martin, Walshville, Pulaski, Ackton, Minto and St. Andrews, in
-the county of Walsh, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.
-The Fifth District shall consist of the townships of Gilby, Johnstown, Strabane,
+The real and personal property of any woman in this State, acquired
-Wheatfield, Hegton, Arvilla, Avon, Northwood, Lind, Grace, Larimore, and the
+before marriage, and all property to which she may after marriage
-city of Larimore, Elm Grove, Agnes, Inkster, Elkmount, Oakwood, Niagara,
+become in any manner rightfully entitled, shall be her separate
-Moraine, Logan and Loretta in the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one
+property and shall not be liable for the debts of her husband.
+===== ARTICLE XVIII. CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT.
+=====
+=== Section 214. ===
+Until otherwise provided by law, the member of the House of
+Representatives of the United States apportioned to this State, shall
+be elected at large.
+Until otherwise provided by law, the Senatorial and Representative
+Districts shall be formed, and the senators and the representatives
+shall be apportioned as follows:
+The First District shall consist of the townships of Walhalla, St.
+Joseph, Neche, Pembina, Bathgate, Carlisle, Joliet, Midland, Lincoln
+and Drayton, in the county of Pembina, and be entitled to one senator
+and two representatives.
+The Second District shall consist of the townships of St. Thomas,
+Hamilton, Cavalier, Akra, Beaulien, Thingvalla, Gardar, Park, Crystal,
+Elora and Lodema, in the county of Pembina, and be entitled to one
 senator and two representatives.
-The Sixth District shall consist of the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth wards of
+The Third District shall consist of the townships of Perth, Latona,
-the city of Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the townships of Falconer,
+Adams, Silvesta, Cleveland, Morton, Vesta, Tiber, Medford, Vernon,
-Harvey, Turtle River, Ferry, Rye, Blooming, Meckinock, Lakeville and Levant in
+Golden, Lampton, Eden, Rushford, Kensington, Dundee, Ops, Prairie
-the county of Grand Forks and be entitled to one senator and two
+Center, Fertile, Park River and Glenwood, in the county of Walsh, and
-representatives.
+be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Seventh District shall consist of the First and Second wards of the city of
+The Fourth District shall consist of the townships of Forest River,
-Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the townships of Grand Forks, Brenna,
+Walsh Center, Grafton, Farmington, Ardock, Village of Ardock,
-Oakville, Chester, Pleasant View, Fairfield, Allendale, Walle, Bentru, Americus,
+Harrison, City of Grafton, Oakwood, Martin, Walshville, Pulaski,
-Michigan, Union and Washington, in the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to
+Ackton, Minto and St. Andrews, in the county of Walsh, and be entitled
-one senator and two representatives.
+to one senator and three representatives.
-The Eighth District shall consist of the county of Traill and be entitled to one
+The Fifth District shall consist of the townships of Gilby, Johnstown,
-senator and four representatives.
+Strabane, Wheatfield, Hegton, Arvilla, Avon, Northwood, Lind, Grace,
+Larimore, and the city of Larimore, Elm Grove, Agnes, Inkster,
+Elkmount, Oakwood, Niagara, Moraine, Logan and Loretta in the county
+of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one senator and two
+representatives.
-The Ninth District shall consist of the township of Fargo and the City of Fargo
+The Sixth District shall consist of the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth
-in the County of Cass and the fractional township number 139 in range 48, and be
+wards of the city of Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the
+townships of Falconer, Harvey, Turtle River, Ferry, Rye, Blooming,
+Meckinock, Lakeville and Levant in the county of Grand Forks and be
 entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Tenth District shall consist of the townships of Noble, Wiser, Harwood,
+The Seventh District shall consist of the First and Second wards of
-Reed, Barnes, Stanley, Pleasant, Kenyon, Gardner, Berlin, Raymond, Mapleton,
+the city of Grand Forks, as now constituted, and the townships of
-Warren, Norman, Elm River, Harmony, Durbin, Addison, Davenport, Casselton and
+Grand Forks, Brenna, Oakville, Chester, Pleasant View, Fairfield,
-the City of Casselton, in the County of Cass, and be entitled to one senator and
+Allendale, Walle, Bentru, Americus, Michigan, Union and Washington, in
-three representatives.
+the county of Grand Forks, and be entitled to one senator and two
+representatives.
-The Eleventh District shall consist of the townships of Webster, Rush River,
+The Eighth District shall consist of the county of Traill and be
-Hunter, Arthur, Amenia, Everest, Maple River, Leonard, Dows, Erie, Empire,
+entitled to one senator and four representatives.
-Wheatland, Gill, Walburg, Watson, Page, Rich, Ayr, Buffalo, Howes, Eldred,
-Highland, Rochester, Lake, Cornell, Tower, Hill, Clifton and Pontiac, in the
-County of Cass, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.
-The Twelfth District shall consist of the county of Richland and be entitled to
+The Ninth District shall consist of the township of Fargo and the City
-one senator and three representatives.
+of Fargo in the County of Cass and the fractional township number 139
+in range 48, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Thirteenth District shall consist of the county of Sargent and be entitled
+The Tenth District shall consist of the townships of Noble, Wiser,
-to one senator and two representatives.
+Harwood, Reed, Barnes, Stanley, Pleasant, Kenyon, Gardner, Berlin,
+Raymond, Mapleton, Warren, Norman, Elm River, Harmony, Durbin,
+Addison, Davenport, Casselton and the City of Casselton, in the County
+of Cass, and be entitled to one senator and three representatives.
-The Fourteenth District shall consist of the county of Ransom and be entitled to
+The Eleventh District shall consist of the townships of Webster, Rush
-one senator and two representatives.
+River, Hunter, Arthur, Amenia, Everest, Maple River, Leonard, Dows,
+Erie, Empire, Wheatland, Gill, Walburg, Watson, Page, Rich, Ayr,
+Buffalo, Howes, Eldred, Highland, Rochester, Lake, Cornell, Tower,
+Hill, Clifton and Pontiac, in the County of Cass, and be entitled to
+one senator and three representatives.
-The Fifteenth District shall consist of the county of Barnes and be entitled to
+The Twelfth District shall consist of the county of Richland and be
-one senator and two representatives.
+entitled to one senator and three representatives.
-The Sixteenth District shall consist of the counties of Steele and Griggs and be
+The Thirteenth District shall consist of the county of Sargent and be
 entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Seventeenth District shall consist of the county of Nelson and be entitled
+The Fourteenth District shall consist of the county of Ransom and be
-to one senator and one representative.
+entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Eighteenth District shall consist of the county of Cavalier and be entitled
+The Fifteenth District shall consist of the county of Barnes and be
-to one senator and two representatives.
+entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Nineteenth District shall consist of the counties of Towner and Rolette and
+The Sixteenth District shall consist of the counties of Steele and
-be entitled to one senator and one representative.
+Griggs and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twentieth District shall consist of the counties of Benson and Pierce and be
+The Seventeenth District shall consist of the county of Nelson and be
+entitled to one senator and one representative.
+The Eighteenth District shall consist of the county of Cavalier and be
 entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-first District shall consist of the county of Ramsey and be entitled
+The Nineteenth District shall consist of the counties of Towner and
-to one senator and two representatives.
+Rolette and be entitled to one senator and one representative.
-The Twenty-second District shall consist of the counties of Eddy, Foster and
+The Twentieth District shall consist of the counties of Benson and
-Wells and be entitled one senator and two representatives.
+Pierce and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-third District shall consist of the county of Stutsman, and be
+The Twenty-first District shall consist of the county of Ramsey and be
 entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-fourth District shall consist of the county of LaMoure, and be
+The Twenty-second District shall consist of the counties of Eddy,
-entitled to one senator and one representative.
+Foster and Wells and be entitled one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-fifth District shall consist of the county of Dickey, and be entitled
+The Twenty-third District shall consist of the county of Stutsman, and
-to one senator and two representatives.
+be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-sixth District shall consist of the counties of Emmons, McIntosh,
+The Twenty-fourth District shall consist of the county of LaMoure, and
-Logan and Kidder, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
+be entitled to one senator and one representative.
-The Twenty-seventh District shall consist of the county of Burleigh, and be
+The Twenty-fifth District shall consist of the county of Dickey, and
-entitled to one senator and two representatives.
+be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-The Twenty-eighth District shall consist of the counties of Bottineau and
+The Twenty-sixth District shall consist of the counties of Emmons,
-McHenry and be entitled to one senator and one representative.
+McIntosh, Logan and Kidder, and be entitled to one senator and two
+representatives.
-The Twenty-ninth District shall consist of the counties of Ward, McLean, and all
+The Twenty-seventh District shall consist of the county of Burleigh,
-the unorganized counties laying north of the Missouri river, and be entitled to
+and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-one senator and one representative.
-The Thirtieth District shall consist of the counties of Morton and Oliver, and
+The Twenty-eighth District shall consist of the counties of Bottineau
-be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
+and McHenry and be entitled to one senator and one representative.
-The Thirty-first District shall consist of the counties of Mercer, Stark and
+The Twenty-ninth District shall consist of the counties of Ward,
-Billings and all the unorganized counties lying south of the Missouri river, and
+McLean, and all the unorganized counties laying north of the Missouri
-be entitled to one senator and one representative.
+river, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.
-===== ARTICLE XIX.  PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. =====
+The Thirtieth District shall consist of the counties of Morton and
+Oliver, and be entitled to one senator and two representatives.
-Sec. 215. The following public institutions of the State are permanently located
+The Thirty-first District shall consist of the counties of Mercer,
-at the places hereinafter named, each to have the lands specifically granted to
+Stark and Billings and all the unorganized counties lying south of the
-it by the United States, in the Act of Congress, approved February 22, 1889, to
+Missouri river, and be entitled to one senator and one representative.
-be disposed of and used in such manner as the Legislative Assembly may
-prescribe, subject to the limitations provided in the article on school and
-public lands contained in this Constitution.
-First. The seat of government at the city of Bismarck in the county of Burleigh.
+===== ARTICLE XIX. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. =====
-Second. The State University and the School of Mines at the city of Grand Forks,
+=== Section 215. ===
-in the county of Grand Forks.
-Third. The Agricultural College at the city of Fargo in the county of Cass.
+The following public institutions of the State are permanently located
+at the places hereinafter named, each to have the lands specifically
+granted to it by the United States, in the Act of Congress, approved
+February 22, 1889, to be disposed of and used in such manner as the
+Legislative Assembly may prescribe, subject to the limitations
+provided in the article on school and public lands contained in this
+Constitution.
+First. The seat of government at the city of Bismarck in the county of
+Burleigh.
+Second. The State University and the School of Mines at the city of
+Grand Forks, in the county of Grand Forks.
+Third. The Agricultural College at the city of Fargo in the county of
+Cass.
-Fourth. A State Normal School at the city of Valley City, in the county of
+Fourth. A State Normal School at the city of Valley City, in the
-Barnes; and the Legislative Assembly in apportioning the grant of eighty
+county of Barnes; and the Legislative Assembly in apportioning the
-thousand acres of land for Normal schools made in the Act of Congress referred
+grant of eighty thousand acres of land for Normal schools made in the
-to shall grant to the said Normal School at Valley City as aforementioned, fifty
+Act of Congress referred to shall grant to the said Normal School at
-thousand (50,000) acres, and said lands are hereby appropriated to said
+Valley City as aforementioned, fifty thousand (50,000) acres, and said
-institution for that purpose.
+lands are hereby appropriated to said institution for that purpose.
-Fifth. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the city of Devils Lake, in the county of
+Fifth. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the city of Devils Lake, in the
-Ramsey.
+county of Ramsey.
-Sixth. A State Reform School at the city of Mandan in the county of Morton.
+Sixth. A State Reform School at the city of Mandan in the county of
+Morton.
-Seventh. A State Normal School at the city of Mayville, in the county of Traill.
+Seventh. A State Normal School at the city of Mayville, in the county
-And the Legislative Assembly in apportioning the grant of lands made by
+of Traill. And the Legislative Assembly in apportioning the grant of
-Congress, in the act aforesaid for State Normal Schools, shall assign thirty
+lands made by Congress, in the act aforesaid for State Normal Schools,
-thousand acres to the institution hereby located at Mayville, and said lands are
+shall assign thirty thousand acres to the institution hereby located
-hereby appropriated for said purpose.
+at Mayville, and said lands are hereby appropriated for said purpose.
 Eighth. A State Hospital for the Insane and an Institution for the
-Feeble-Minded, in connection therewith, at the city of Jamestown in the county
+Feeble-Minded, in connection therewith, at the city of Jamestown in
-of Stutsman. And the Legislative Assembly shall appropriate twenty thousand
+the county of Stutsman. And the Legislative Assembly shall appropriate
-acres of the grant of lands mads by the act of Congress aforesaid for "Other
+twenty thousand acres of the grant of lands mads by the act of
-Educational and Charitable Institutions" to the benefit and for the endowment of
+Congress aforesaid for "Other Educational and Charitable Institutions"
-said institution.
+to the benefit and for the endowment of said institution.
-Sec. 216. The following named public institutions are hereby permanently located
+=== Section 216. ===
-as hereinafter provided, each to have so much of the remaining grant of one
-hundred and seventy thousand acres of land made by the United States for "Other
-Educational and Charitable Institutions," as is allotted below, viz:
-First. A Soldiers' Home, when located, or such other charitable institution as
+The following named public institutions are hereby permanently located
-the Legislative Assembly may determine, at Lisbon, in the county of Ransom, with
+as hereinafter provided, each to have so much of the remaining grant
-a grant of forty thousand acres of land.
+of one hundred and seventy thousand acres of land made by the United
+States for "Other Educational and Charitable Institutions," as is
+allotted below, viz:
-Second. A Blind Asylum, or such other institution as the Legislative Assembly
+First. A Soldiers' Home, when located, or such other charitable
-may determine, at such place in the county of Pembina as the qualified electors
+institution as the Legislative Assembly may determine, at Lisbon, in
-of said county may determine at an election to be held as prescribed by the
+the county of Ransom, with a grant of forty thousand acres of land.
-Legislative Assembly, with a grant of thirty thousand acres.
-Third. An Industrial School and School for Manual Training, or such other
+Second. A Blind Asylum, or such other institution as the Legislative
-educational or charitable institution as the Legislative Assembly may provide,
+Assembly may determine, at such place in the county of Pembina as the
-at the town of Ellendale in the county of Dickey, with a grant of forty thousand
+qualified electors of said county may determine at an election to be
-acres.
+held as prescribed by the Legislative Assembly, with a grant of thirty
+thousand acres.
-Fourth. A School of Forestry or such other institution as the Legislative
+Third. An Industrial School and School for Manual Training, or such
-Assembly may determine, at such place in one of the counties of McHenry, Ward,
+other educational or charitable institution as the Legislative
-Bottineau, or Rollette, as the electors of said counties may determine by an
+Assembly may provide, at the town of Ellendale in the county of
-election for that purpose, to be held as provided by the Legislative Assembly.
+Dickey, with a grant of forty thousand acres.
+Fourth. A School of Forestry or such other institution as the
+Legislative Assembly may determine, at such place in one of the
+counties of McHenry, Ward, Bottineau, or Rollette, as the electors of
+said counties may determine by an election for that purpose, to be
+held as provided by the Legislative Assembly.
 Fifth. A scientific school, or such "other educational or charitable
-institution" as the Legislative Assembly may prescribe, at the city of Wahpeton,
+institution" as the Legislative Assembly may prescribe, at the city of
-county of Richland, with a grant of forty thousand acres ; Provided, That no
+Wahpeton, county of Richland, with a grant of forty thousand acres ;
-other institution of a character similar to any one of those located by this
+Provided, That no other institution of a character similar to any one
-article shall be established or maintained without a revision of this
+of those located by this article shall be established or maintained
-Constitution.
+without a revision of this Constitution.
-===== ARTICLE XX.  Prohibition. =====
+===== ARTICLE XX. Prohibition. =====
-To be submitted to a separate vote of the people as provided by the schedule and
+To be submitted to a separate vote of the people as provided by the
-ordinance.
+schedule and ordinance.
-Sec. 217. No person, association or corporation shall within this State,
+=== Section 217. ===
+No person, association or corporation shall within this State,
 manufacture for sale or gift, any intoxicating liquors and no person,
-association or corporation shall import any of the same for sale or gift, or
+association or corporation shall import any of the same for sale or
-keep or sell or offer the same for sale, or gift, barter or trade as a beverage.
+gift, or keep or sell or offer the same for sale, or gift, barter or
-The Legislative Assembly shall by law prescribe regulations for the enforcement
+trade as a beverage. The Legislative Assembly shall by law prescribe
-of the provisions of this article and shall thereby provide suitable penalties
+regulations for the enforcement of the provisions of this article and
-for the violation thereof.
+shall thereby provide suitable penalties for the violation thereof.
 ===== SCHEDULE. =====
-Section 1. That no inconvenience may arise from a change of territorial
+=== Section 1. ===
-government to state government, it is declared that all writs, actions,
-prosecutions, claims and rights of individuals and bodies corporate shall
-continue as if no change of government had taken place, and all processes which
-may, be fore the organization of the judicial department under this
-Constitution, be issued under the authority of the Territory of Dakota shall be
-as valid as if issued in the name of the State.
-Sec. 2. All laws now in force in the Territory of Dakota, which are not
+That no inconvenience may arise from a change of
-repugnant to this Constitution, shall remain in force until they expire by their
+territorial government to state government, it is declared that all
-own limitations or be altered or repealed.
+writs, actions, prosecutions, claims and rights of individuals and
+bodies corporate shall continue as if no change of government had
+taken place, and all processes which may, be fore the organization of
+the judicial department under this Constitution, be issued under the
+authority of the Territory of Dakota shall be as valid as if issued in
+the name of the State.
-Sec. 3. All fines, penalties, forfeitures and escheats accruing to the Territory
+=== Section 2. ===
-of Dakota shall accrue to the use of the states of North Dakota and South Dakota
-and may be sued for and recovered by either of said states as necessity may
-require.
-Sec. 4. All recognizances, bonds, obligations or other undertakings heretofore
+All laws now in force in the Territory of Dakota, which are not
-taken, or which may be taken before the organization of the judicial department
+repugnant to this Constitution, shall remain in force until they
-under this Constitution, shall remain valid, and shall pass over to, and may be
+expire by their own limitations or be altered or repealed.
-prosecuted in the name of the state; all bonds, obligations or other
-undertakings executed to this territory, or to any officer in his official
-capacity, shall pass over to the proper state authority, and to their successors
-in office, for the uses therein respectively expressed, and may be sued for and
-recovered accordingly; all criminal prosecutions and penal actions which have
-arisen, or may arise before the organization of the judicial department, under
-this Constitution, <r which shall then be pending, may be prosecuted to judgment
-and execution in the name of the state.
-Sec. 5. All property, real and personal, and credits, claims and choses in
+=== Section 3. ===
-action belonging to the Territory of Dakota at the time of the adoption of this
-Constitution, shall be vested in and become the property of the States of North
-Dakota and South Dakota.
-Sec. 6. Whenever any two of the judges of the Supreme court of the State,
+All fines, penalties, forfeitures and escheats accruing to the
-elected under the provisions of this Constitution shall have qualified in their
+Territory of Dakota shall accrue to the use of the states of North
-offices, the causes then pending in the Supreme court of the Territory on appeal
+Dakota and South Dakota and may be sued for and recovered by either of
-or writ of error from the district courts of any county or subdivision within
+said states as necessity may require.
-the limits of this State, and the papers, records and proceedings of said court
-shall pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the Supreme court of the
-State, except as otherwise provided in the enabling act of Congress, and until
-so superseded the Supreme court of the Territory and the judges thereof shall
-continue, with like powers and jurisdiction, as if this Constitution had not
-been adopted. Whenever the judge of the district court of any district elected
-under the provisions of this Constitution shall have qualified in his office,
-the several causes then pending in the district court of the Territory within
-any county in such district, and the records, papers and proceedings of said
-district court, and the seal and other property pertaining thereto, shall pass
-into the jurisdiction and possession of the district court of the State for such
-county, except as provided in the enabling act of Congress, and until the
-district courts of this Territory shall be superseded in the manner aforesaid,
-the said district courts and the judges thereof shall continue with the same
-jurisdiction and power to be exercised in the same judicial districts respect
-ively as heretofore constituted under the laws of the Territory.
-Sec. 7. Until otherwise provided by law, the seals now in use in the supreme and
+=== Section 4. ===
-district courts of this Territory are hereby declared to be the seals of the
-supreme and district courts respectively of the State.
-Sec. 8. Whenever this Constitution shall go into effect, the books, records and
+All recognizances, bonds, obligations or other undertakings heretofore
-papers, and proceedings of the probate court in each county, and all causes and
+taken, or which may be taken before the organization of the judicial
-matters of administration and other matters pending therein, shall pass into the
+department under this Constitution, shall remain valid, and shall pass
-jurisdiction and possession of the county court of the same county, and the said
+over to, and may be prosecuted in the name of the state; all bonds,
-county court shall proceed to final decree or judgment, order or other
+obligations or other undertakings executed to this territory, or to
-determination in the said several matters and causes as the said probate court
+any officer in his official capacity, shall pass over to the proper
-might have done if this Constitution had not been adopted. And until the
+state authority, and to their successors in office, for the uses
-election and qualification of the judges of the county courts provided for in
+therein respectively expressed, and may be sued for and recovered
-this Constitution, the probate judges shall act as the judges of the county
+accordingly; all criminal prosecutions and penal actions which have
-courts within their respective counties, and the seal of the probate court in
+arisen, or may arise before the organization of the judicial
-each county shall be the seal of the county court therein, until the said court
+department, under this Constitution, <r which shall then be pending,
-shall have procured a proper seal.
+may be prosecuted to judgment and execution in the name of the state.
-Sec. 9. The terms "probate court" or "probate judge" whenever occurring in the
+=== Section 5. ===
-statutes of the territory shall, after this Constitution goes into effect, be
-held to apply to the county court or county judge.
-Sec. 10. All territorial, county and precinct officers, who may be in office at
+All property, real and personal, and credits, claims and choses in
-the time this Constitution takes effect, whether holding their offices under the
+action belonging to the Territory of Dakota at the time of the
-authority of the United States or of the Territory, shall hold and exercise
+adoption of this Constitution, shall be vested in and become the
-their respective offices, and perform the duties thereof as prescribed in this
+property of the States of North Dakota and South Dakota.
-Constitution, until their successors shall be elected and qualified in
-accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, and official bonds of all
-such officers shall continue in full force and effect as though this
-Constitution had not been adopted; and such officers for their term of service,
-under this Constitution, shall receive the same salaries and compensation as is
-by this Constitution, or by the laws of the territory, provided for like
-officers; Provided, That the county and precinct officers shall hold their
-offices for the term for which they were elected. There shall be elected in each
-organized county in this State, at the election to be held for the ratification
-of this Constitution, a clerk of the district court, who shall hold his office
-under said election until his successor is duly elected and qualified. The
-judges of the district court shall have power to appoint states attorneys in any
-organized county where no such attorneys have been elected, which appointment
-shall continue until the general election to be held in 1890, and until his
-successor is elected and qualified.
-Sec. 11. This Constitution shall take effect and be in full force immediately
+=== Section 6. ===
+Whenever any two of the judges of the Supreme court of the State,
+elected under the provisions of this Constitution shall have qualified
+in their offices, the causes then pending in the Supreme court of the
+Territory on appeal or writ of error from the district courts of any
+county or subdivision within the limits of this State, and the papers,
+records and proceedings of said court shall pass into the jurisdiction
+and possession of the Supreme court of the State, except as otherwise
+provided in the enabling act of Congress, and until so superseded the
+Supreme court of the Territory and the judges thereof shall continue,
+with like powers and jurisdiction, as if this Constitution had not
+been adopted. Whenever the judge of the district court of any district
+elected under the provisions of this Constitution shall have qualified
+in his office, the several causes then pending in the district court
+of the Territory within any county in such district, and the records,
+papers and proceedings of said district court, and the seal and other
+property pertaining thereto, shall pass into the jurisdiction and
+possession of the district court of the State for such county, except
+as provided in the enabling act of Congress, and until the district
+courts of this Territory shall be superseded in the manner aforesaid,
+the said district courts and the judges thereof shall continue with
+the same jurisdiction and power to be exercised in the same judicial
+districts respect ively as heretofore constituted under the laws of
+the Territory.
+=== Section 7. ===
+Until otherwise provided by law, the seals now in use in the supreme
+and district courts of this Territory are hereby declared to be the
+seals of the supreme and district courts respectively of the State.
+=== Section 8. ===
+Whenever this Constitution shall go into effect, the books, records
+and papers, and proceedings of the probate court in each county, and
+all causes and matters of administration and other matters pending
+therein, shall pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the county
+court of the same county, and the said county court shall proceed to
+final decree or judgment, order or other determination in the said
+several matters and causes as the said probate court might have done
+if this Constitution had not been adopted. And until the election and
+qualification of the judges of the county courts provided for in this
+Constitution, the probate judges shall act as the judges of the county
+courts within their respective counties, and the seal of the probate
+court in each county shall be the seal of the county court therein,
+until the said court shall have procured a proper seal.
+=== Section 9. ===
+The terms "probate court" or "probate judge" whenever occurring in the
+statutes of the territory shall, after this Constitution goes into
+effect, be held to apply to the county court or county judge.
+=== Section 10. ===
+All territorial, county and precinct officers, who may be in office at
+the time this Constitution takes effect, whether holding their offices
+under the authority of the United States or of the Territory, shall
+hold and exercise their respective offices, and perform the duties
+thereof as prescribed in this Constitution, until their successors
+shall be elected and qualified in accordance with the provisions of
+this Constitution, and official bonds of all such officers shall
+continue in full force and effect as though this Constitution had not
+been adopted; and such officers for their term of service, under this
+Constitution, shall receive the same salaries and compensation as is
+by this Constitution, or by the laws of the territory, provided for
+like officers; Provided, That the county and precinct officers shall
+hold their offices for the term for which they were elected. There
+shall be elected in each organized county in this State, at the
+election to be held for the ratification of this Constitution, a clerk
+of the district court, who shall hold his office under said election
+until his successor is duly elected and qualified. The judges of the
+district court shall have power to appoint states attorneys in any
+organized county where no such attorneys have been elected, which
+appointment shall continue until the general election to be held in
+, and until his successor is elected and qualified.
+=== Section 11. ===
+This Constitution shall take effect and be in full force immediately
 upon the admission of the territory as a state.
-Sec. 12. Immediately upon the adjournment of this Convention the Governor of the
+=== Section 12. ===
-Territory, or in case of his absence or failure to act, the Secretary of the
-Territory, or in case of his absence or failure to act, the President of the
+Immediately upon the adjournment of this Convention the Governor of
-Constitutional Convention shall issue a proclamation, which shall be published
+the Territory, or in case of his absence or failure to act, the
-and a copy thereof mailed to the chairman of the board of county commissioners
+Secretary of the Territory, or in case of his absence or failure to
-of each county, calling an election by the people on the first Tuesday in
+act, the President of the Constitutional Convention shall issue a
-October, 1889, of all the state and district officers created and made elective
+proclamation, which shall be published and a copy thereof mailed to
-by this Constitution. This Constitution shall be submitted for adoption or
+the chairman of the board of county commissioners of each county,
-rejection at said election to a vote of the electors qualified by the laws of
+calling an election by the people on the first Tuesday in October,
-this territory to vote at all elections. At the election provided for herein the
+, of all the state and district officers created and made elective
-qualified voters shall vote directly for or against this Constitution and for or
+by this Constitution. This Constitution shall be submitted for
-against the article separately submitted.
+adoption or rejection at said election to a vote of the electors
+qualified by the laws of this territory to vote at all elections. At
+the election provided for herein the qualified voters shall vote
+directly for or against this Constitution and for or against the
+article separately submitted.
+=== Section 13. ===
+The board of commissioners of the several counties shall there upon
+order such election for said day, and shall cause notice thereof to be
+given "for the period of 20 days in the manner provided by law." Every
+qualified elector of the territory, at the date of said election,
+shall be entitled to vote thereat. Said election shall be conducted in
+all respects in the same manner as provided by the laws of the
+territory for general elections, and the returns for all state and
+district officers, and members of the Legislative Assembly, shall be
+made to the canvassing board hereinafter provided for.
+=== Section 14. ===
+The Governor, Secretary and Chief Justice or a majority of them, shall
+constitute a board of canvassers to canvass the vote of such election
+for all state and district officers aud members of the Legislative
+Assembly. The said board shall assemble at the seat of government of
+the Territory on the fifteenth day after the day of such election (or
+on the following day if such day falls on Sunday), and proceed to
+canvass the votes on the adoption of this Constitution and for all
+State and district officers and members of the Legislative Assembly in
+the manner provided by the laws of the Territory for canvassing the
+vote for Delegate to Congress, and they shall issue certificates of
+election to the persons found to be elected to said offices severally,
+and shall make and file with the Secretary of the Territory an
+abstract certified by them, of the number of votes cast for or against
+the adoption of the Constitution, and for each person for each of said
+offices and of the total number of votes cast in each county.
-Sec. 13. The board of commissioners of the several counties shall there upon
+=== Section 15. ===
-order such election for said day, and shall cause notice thereof to be given
-"for the period of 20 days in the manner provided by law." Every qualified
-elector of the territory, at the date of said election, shall be entitled to
-vote thereat. Said election shall be conducted in all respects in the same
-manner as provided by the laws of the territory for general elections, and the
-returns for all state and district officers, and members of the Legislative
-Assembly, shall be made to tie canvassing board hereinafter provided for.
-Sec. 14. The Governor, Secretary and Chief Justice or a majority of them, shall
+All officers elected at such election shall, within sixty days after
-constitute a board of canvassers to canvass the vote of such election for all
+the date of the executive proclamation admitting the State of North
-state and district officers aud members of the Legislative Assembly.  The said
+Dakota into the Union, take the oath required by this Constitution,
-board shall assemble at the seat of government of the Territory on the fifteenth
+and give the same bond required by the law of the Territory to be
-day after the day of such election (or on the following day if such day falls on
+given in case of like officers of the Territory and districts, and
-Sunday), and proceed to canvass the votes on the adoption of this Constitution
+shall thereupon enter upon the duties of their respective offices; but
-and for all State and district officers and members of the Legislative Assembly
+the Legislative Assembly may require by law all such officers to give
-in the manner provided by the laws of the Territory for canvassing the vote for
+other or further bonds as a condition of their continuance in office.
-Delegate to Congress, and they shall issue certificates of election to the
-persons found to be elected to said offices severally, and shall make and file
-with the Secretary of the Territory an abstract certified by them, of the number
-of votes cast for or against the adoption of the Constitution, and for each
-person for each of said offices and of the total number of votes cast in each
-county.
-Sec. 15. All officers elected at such election shall, within sixty days after
+=== Section 16. ===
-the date of the executive proclamation admitting the State of North Dakota into
-the Union, take the oath required by this Constitution, and give the same bond
-required by the law of the Territory to be given in case of like officers of the
-Territory and districts, and shall thereupon enter upon the duties of their
-respective offices; but the Legislative Assembly may require by law all such
-officers to give other or further bonds as a condition of their continuance in
-office.
-Sec. 16. The judges of the district court who shall be elected at the election
+The judges of the district court who shall be elected at the election
-herein provided for shall hold their offices until the first Monday in January,
+herein provided for shall hold their offices until the first Monday in
-, and until their successors are elected and qualified. All other state
+January, 1893, and until their successors are elected and qualified.
-officers, except judges of the supreme court, who shall be elected at the
+All other state officers, except judges of the supreme court, who
-election herein provided for, shall hold their offices until the first Monday in
+shall be elected at the election herein provided for, shall hold their
-January, 1891, and until their successors are elected and qualified. Until
+offices until the first Monday in January, 1891, and until their
-otherwise provided by law the judges of the supreme court snail receive for
+successors are elected and qualified. Until otherwise provided by law
-their services the salary of four thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly;
+the judges of the supreme court snail receive for their services the
-and the district judges shall receive for their services the salary of three
+salary of four thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly; and the
+district judges shall receive for their services the salary of three
 thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly.
-Sec. 17. The Governor-elect of the state immediately upon his qualifying and
+=== Section 17. ===
-entering upon the duties of his office shall issue his proclamation convening
-the Legislative Assembly of the State at the seat of government, on a day to be
-named in said proclamation, and which shall not be less than fifteen nor more
-than forty days after the date of such proclamation. And said Legislative
-Assembly after organizing shall proceed to elect two senators of the United
-States for the State of North Dakota; and at said election the two persons who
-shall receive a majority of all the votes cast by the said senators and
-representatives shall be elected such United States Senators. And the presiding
-officers of the senate and house of representatives shall each certify the
-election to the Governor and Secretary of the State of North Dakota; and the
-Governor and Secretary of State shall certify the elections of such senators as
-provided by law.
-Sec. 18. At the election herein provided for there shall be elected a
+The Governor-elect of the state immediately upon his qualifying and
-Representative to the Fifty-first Congress of the United States, by the
+entering upon the duties of his office shall issue his proclamation
-electors of the state at large.
+convening the Legislative Assembly of the State at the seat of
+government, on a day to be named in said proclamation, and which shall
+not be less than fifteen nor more than forty days after the date of
+such proclamation. And said Legislative Assembly after organizing
+shall proceed to elect two senators of the United States for the State
+of North Dakota; and at said election the two persons who shall
+receive a majority of all the votes cast by the said senators and
+representatives shall be elected such United States Senators. And the
+presiding officers of the senate and house of representatives shall
+each certify the election to the Governor and Secretary of the State
+of North Dakota; and the Governor and Secretary of State shall certify
+the elections of such senators as provided by law.
-Sec. 19. It is hereby made the duty of the Legislative Assembly at its first
+=== Section 18. ===
-session to provide for the payment of all debts and indebtedness authorized to
-be incurred by the Constitutional Convention of North Dakota, which shall remain
-unpaid after the appropriation made by Congress for the same shall have been
-exhausted.
-Sec. 20. There shall be submitted at the same election at which this
+At the election herein provided for there shall be elected a
-Constitution is submitted for rejection or adoption. Article 20 entitled
+Representative to the Fifty-first Congress of the United States, by
-"prohibition" and persons who desire to vote for said article shall have written
+the electors of the state at large.
-or printed on their ballots "for prohibition," and all persons desiring to vote
-against said article shall have written or printed on their ballots "against
-prohibition." If it shall appear according to the returns herein provided for
-that a majority of all the votes cast at said election for and against
-prohibition are for prohibition, then said Article 20 shall be and form a part
-of this Constitution and be in full force and effect as such from the date of
-the admission of this state into the Union. But if a majority of said votes
-shall appear according to said returns to be "against prohibition, then said
-Article 20 shall be null and void, and shall not be a part of this Constitution.
-Sec. 21. The agreement made by the Joint Commission of the Constitutional
+=== Section 19. ===
-Conventions of North Dakota aud South Dakota concerning the records, books and
-archives of the Territory of Dakota, is hereby ratified and confirmed; which
-agreement is in the words following: --That is to say--
-The following books, records and archives of the Territory of Dakota shall be
+It is hereby made the duty of the Legislative Assembly at its first
-the property of North Dakota, to-wit: All records, books and archives in the
+session to provide for the payment of all debts and indebtedness
-offices of the Governor and Secretary of the Territory (except records of
+authorized to be incurred by the Constitutional Convention of North
-Articles of Incorporation of Domestic Corporations, returns of election of
+Dakota, which shall remain unpaid after the appropriation made by
-Delegates to the Constitutional Convention/of 1889 for South Dakota, returns of
+Congress for the same shall have been exhausted.
-elections held under the so called Local Option Law, in counties within the
-limits of South Dakota, bonds of Notaries Public appointed for counties within
-the limits of South Dakota, papers relating to the organization of counties
-situate within the limits of South Dakota, all which records and archives are a
-part of the records and archives of said Secretary's office: excepting also,
-census returns from counties situate within the limits of South Dakota and
-papers relating to requisitions issued upon the application of officers of
-counties situate within the limits of South Dakota, all which are a part of the
-records and archives of said Governor's office). And the following records,
-books and archives shall also be the property of the State of North Dakota,
-to-wit:
-Vouchers in the office or custody of the Auditor of this Territory relating to
+=== Section 20. ===
-expenditures on account of public institutions, grounds or buildings situate
-within the limits of North Dakota. One Warrant Register in the office of the
-Treasurer of this territory, being a record of warrants issued under and by
-virtue of Chapter 24 of the laws enacted by the Eighteenth Legislative Assembly
-of Dakota Territory All letters, receipts and vouchers in the same office now
-filed by counties and pertaining to counties within the limits of North Dakota.
-Paid and canceled coupons in the same office representing interest on bonds of
-South Dakota which said State of North Dakota is to assume and pay. Reports of
-gross earnings of the year 1888 in the same office, made by corporations
-operating lines of railroads situated wholly or mainly within the limits of
-North Dakota. Records and papers of the office of the Public Examiner of the
-Second District of the territory. Records and papers of the office of the
-District Board of Agriculture. Records and papers in the office of the Board of
-Pharmacy of the District of North Dakota.
-All records, books and archives of the Territory of Dakota which it is not
+There shall be submitted at the same election at which this
-herein agreed shall be the property of North Dakota, shall be the property of
+Constitution is submitted for rejection or adoption. Article 20
-South Dakota.
+entitled "prohibition" and persons who desire to vote for said article
+shall have written or printed on their ballots "for prohibition," and
+all persons desiring to vote against said article shall have written
+or printed on their ballots "against prohibition." If it shall appear
+according to the returns herein provided for that a majority of all
+the votes cast at said election for and against prohibition are for
+prohibition, then said Article 20 shall be and form a part of this
+Constitution and be in full force and effect as such from the date of
+the admission of this state into the Union. But if a majority of said
+votes shall appear according to said returns to be "against
+prohibition, then said Article 20 shall be null and void, and shall
+not be a part of this Constitution.
-The following books shall be copied and the copies shall be the property of
+=== Section 21. ===
-North Dakota and the cost of such copies shall be borne equally by said States
-of North Dakota and South Dakota. That is to say :
+The agreement made by the Joint Commission of the Constitutional
+Conventions of North Dakota aud South Dakota concerning the records,
+books and archives of the Territory of Dakota, is hereby ratified and
+confirmed; which agreement is in the words following: --That is to
+say--
+The following books, records and archives of the Territory of Dakota
+shall be the property of North Dakota, to-wit: All records, books and
+archives in the offices of the Governor and Secretary of the Territory
+(except records of Articles of Incorporation of Domestic Corporations,
+returns of election of Delegates to the Constitutional Convention/of
+for South Dakota, returns of elections held under the so called
+Local Option Law, in counties within the limits of South Dakota, bonds
+of Notaries Public appointed for counties within the limits of South
+Dakota, papers relating to the organization of counties situate within
+the limits of South Dakota, all which records and archives are a part
+of the records and archives of said Secretary's office: excepting
+also, census returns from counties situate within the limits of South
+Dakota and papers relating to requisitions issued upon the application
+of officers of counties situate within the limits of South Dakota, all
+which are a part of the records and archives of said Governor's
+office). And the following records, books and archives shall also be
+the property of the State of North Dakota, to-wit:
+Vouchers in the office or custody of the Auditor of this Territory
+relating to expenditures on account of public institutions, grounds or
+buildings situate within the limits of North Dakota. One Warrant
+Register in the office of the Treasurer of this territory, being a
+record of warrants issued under and by virtue of Chapter 24 of the
+laws enacted by the Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Dakota
+Territory All letters, receipts and vouchers in the same office now
+filed by counties and pertaining to counties within the limits of
+North Dakota. Paid and canceled coupons in the same office
+representing interest on bonds of South Dakota which said State of
+North Dakota is to assume and pay. Reports of gross earnings of the
+year 1888 in the same office, made by corporations operating lines of
+railroads situated wholly or mainly within the limits of North Dakota.
+Records and papers of the office of the Public Examiner of the Second
+District of the territory. Records and papers of the office of the
+District Board of Agriculture. Records and papers in the office of the
+Board of Pharmacy of the District of North Dakota.
+All records, books and archives of the Territory of Dakota which it is
+not herein agreed shall be the property of North Dakota, shall be the
+property of South Dakota.
+The following books shall be copied and the copies shall be the
+property of North Dakota and the cost of such copies shall be borne
+equally by said States of North Dakota and South Dakota. That is to
+say :
 Appropriation Ledger for years ending November 1889-90 -- one volume.
@@ Line 2188: / Line 2860: @@
 The Auditor's Current Warrant Register -- one volume.
-Insurance Record for 1889—one volume.
+Insurance Record for 1889 -- one volume.
 Treasurer's Cash Book -- "D."
@@ Line 2198: / Line 2870: @@
 Treasurer's Current Ledger -- one volume.
-The originals of the foregoing volumes which are to be copied shall at any time
+The originals of the foregoing volumes which are to be copied shall at
-after such copying shall have been completed, be delivered on demand to the
+any time after such copying shall have been completed, be delivered on
-proper authorities of the State of South Dakota.
+demand to the proper authorities of the State of South Dakota.
-All other records, books and archives which it is hereby agreed shall be the
+All other records, books and archives which it is hereby agreed shall
-property of South Dakota, shall remain at the Capitol of North Dakota until
+be the property of South Dakota, shall remain at the Capitol of North
-demanded by the Legislature of the State of South Dakota and until the State of
+Dakota until demanded by the Legislature of the State of South Dakota
-North Dakota shall have had a reasonable time after such demand is made to
+and until the State of North Dakota shall have had a reasonable time
-provide copies or abstracts of such portions thereof as the said State of North
+after such demand is made to provide copies or abstracts of such
-Dakota may desire to have copies or abstracts of.
+portions thereof as the said State of North Dakota may desire to have
+copies or abstracts of.
-The State of South Dakota may also provide copies or abstracts of such records,
+The State of South Dakota may also provide copies or abstracts of such
-books and archives, which it is agreed shall be the property of North Dakota, as
+records, books and archives, which it is agreed shall be the property
-said State of South Dakota shall desire to have copies or abstracts of.
+of North Dakota, as said State of South Dakota shall desire to have
+copies or abstracts of.
-The expense of all copies or abstracts of records, books and archives which it
+The expense of all copies or abstracts of records, books and archives
-is herein agreed may be made, shall be borne equally by said two states.
+which it is herein agreed may be made, shall be borne equally by said
+two states.
-Sec. 22. Should the counties containing lands which form a part of the grant of
+=== Section 22. ===
-lands made by Congress to the Northern Pacific railroad company be compelled by
-law to refund moneys paid for such lands or any of them by purchasers thereof at
-tax sales thereof, based upon taxes illegally levied upon -said lands, then and
-in that case the State of North Dakota shall appropriate the sum of $25,000, or
-so much thereof as may be necessary to reimburse said counties for the amount so
-received from said illegal tax sales and paid by said counties into the treasury
-of Dakota Territory.
-Sec. 23. This Constitution shall after its enrollment be signed by the President
+Should the counties containing lands which form a part of the grant of
-of this Convention and the Chief Clerk thereof and such delegates as desire to
+lands made by Congress to the Northern Pacific railroad company be
-sign the same, whereupon it shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of
+compelled by law to refund moneys paid for such lands or any of them
-the Territory, where it may be signed at any time by any delegate who shall be
+by purchasers thereof at tax sales thereof, based upon taxes illegally
-prevented from signing the same for any reasons at the time of the adjournment
+levied upon -said lands, then and in that case the State of North
-of this Convention.
+Dakota shall appropriate the sum of $25,000, or so much thereof as may
+be necessary to reimburse said counties for the amount so received
+from said illegal tax sales and paid by said counties into the
+treasury of Dakota Territory.
-Sec. 24. In case the territorial officers of the Territory of Dakota, or any of
+=== Section 23. ===
-them who are now required by law to report to the Governor of the Territory,
-annually or biennially, shall prepare and publish such reports covering the
-transactions of their offices up to the time of the admission of the State of
-North Dakota into the Union, the Legislative Assembly shall make sufficient
-appropriations to pay one-half of the cost of such publication.
-Sec. 25. The Governor and Secretary of the Territory are hereby authorized to
+This Constitution shall after its enrollment be signed by the
-make arrangements for the meeting of the first Legislative Assembly, and the
+President of this Convention and the Chief Clerk thereof and such
-inauguration of the State government.
+delegates as desire to sign the same, whereupon it shall be deposited
+in the office of the Secretary of the Territory, where it may be
+signed at any time by any delegate who shall be prevented from signing
+the same for any reasons at the time of the adjournment of this
+Convention.
-Sec. 26. The Legislative Assembly shall provide for the editing, and for the
+=== Section 24. ===
-publication, in an independent volume, of this Constitution, as soon as it shall
-take effect, and whenever it shall be altered or amended, and shall cause to be
-published in the same volume the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution
-of the United States and the Enabling Act.
-Done at Bismarck, Dakota, in open Convention, this 17th day of August, A. D.
+In case the territorial officers of the Territory of Dakota, or any of
-.
+them who are now required by law to report to the Governor of the
+Territory, annually or biennially, shall prepare and publish such
+reports covering the transactions of their offices up to the time of
+the admission of the State of North Dakota into the Union, the
+Legislative Assembly shall make sufficient appropriations to pay
+one-half of the cost of such publication.
+=== Section 25. ===
+The Governor and Secretary of the Territory are hereby authorized to
+make arrangements for the meeting of the first Legislative Assembly,
+and the inauguration of the State government.
+=== Section 26. ===
+The Legislative Assembly shall provide for the editing, and for the
+publication, in an independent volume, of this Constitution, as soon
+as it shall take effect, and whenever it shall be altered or amended,
+and shall cause to be published in the same volume the Declaration of
+Independence, the Constitution of the United States and the Enabling
+Act.
+Done at Bismarck, Dakota, in open Convention, this 17th day of August,
+A. D. 1889.
 John G. Hamilton, F. B. Fancher,
 Chief Clerk. President.