# Title 43 — Occupations and Professions

## Chapter 43-13 — Optometrists

### § 43-13-01. Definitions.

In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires:
1. "Board" means the North Dakota state board of optometry.
2. "Diagnosis and treatment" means the determination, interpretation, and treatment of
any visual, muscular, neurological, interpretative, or anatomical anomaly of the eye
which may be aided, relieved, or corrected through visual training procedures or
through the use of lenses, prisms, filters, ophthalmic instruments, pharmaceutical
agents, or combinations thereof, held either in contact with the eye, or in frames or
mountings, as further authorized by this chapter. Laser therapy and the use of invasive
surgery are not permitted under this chapter, except superficial foreign bodies may be
removed and primary care procedures may be performed.
3. " Distant site provider" means a provider of optometric services through telemedicine
from a site other than the patient's origination site. A distant site provider must hold an
active license to practice optometry in this state.
4. "Optometric services" means any evaluation, examination, diagnosis, or treatment
provided for a patient within the scope of practice of optometry. The term includes the
prescription of pharmaceutical agents by a provider to a patient.
5. "Pharmaceutical agent" means diagnostic pharmaceutical agents or therapeutic
pharmaceutical agents. The term includes nonscheduled pharmaceutical agents,
except for acetaminophen with thirty milligrams of codeine, that have documented use
in the treatment of ocular-related disorders or diseases. As used in this subsection:
a. "Diagnostic pharmaceutical agents" means pharmaceutical agents administered
for the evaluation and diagnosis of disorders of the human eye including
anesthetics, mydriatics, myotics, cycloplegics, diagnostic dyes, diagnostic stains,
and pharmaceutical agents to evaluate abnormal pupil responses.
b. "Therapeutic pharmaceutical agents" includes topically administered and
prescribed pharmaceutical agents for treatment of ocular-related disorders or
disease, locally administered pharmaceutical agents for primary eye care
procedures, oral anti-infective agents, oral antihistaminic agents, and oral
analgesics for the treatment of ocular-related disorders or diseases.
6. "Practicing optometry" means:
a. Displaying a sign or in any way advertising as an optometrist.
b. Employing any means for the measurement of the powers of vision or the
adaptation of lenses for the aid thereof.
c. Engaging in any manner in the practice of optometry.
### § 43-13-02. Persons exempt from provisions of chapter.

The provisions of this chapter do not apply to the following persons:
1. Persons who sell spectacles, eyeglasses, or other articles of merchandise without
attempting to practice optometry.
2. Student interns who are currently enrolled in an optometry school or college accredited
by the accreditation council on optometric education of the American optometric
association, or its successor agency, or who have graduated no more than six months
prior, and are under the immediate and direct supervision of a licensed optometrist.
3. Physicians and surgeons licensed under chapter 43-17.
### § 43-13-03. North Dakota state board of optometry - Members - Appointment -

Qualifications - Terms of office - Oath - Vacancies.
The North Dakota state board of optometry consists of seven members appointed by the
governor for a term of five years each, with their terms of office so arranged that at least one
term expires on June thirtieth of each year. Five of the members of the board must be resident
licensed optometrists who have an established optometric practice in this state and are

engaged in the actual practice of optometry in this state. Each member of the board shall qualify
by taking the oath required of civil officers and filing the same with the secretary of the board. A
member of the board shall hold office until a successor is appointed and qualified. A vacancy on
the board must be filled by appointment by the governor for the remainder of the unexpired
term.
### § 43-13-04. Officers of board - Election - Term of office - Duty of president.

The members of the board shall elect from among their own number a president and a
secretary. Such officers shall hold office for the term of one year, and until their successors are
elected and qualified. The president of the board shall preside at all meetings of the board and
shall sign on behalf of the members all licenses or other instruments issued by the board. Such
licenses or instruments must be attested by the secretary.
### § 43-13-05. Executive director of board - Duties - Record - Custodian of fees - Report.

The executive director of the board, or the executive director's designee, has the following
duties:
1. Keep a full record of the proceedings of the board.
2. Be custodian of all fees coming into the possession of the board.
3. At such times as may be required by the board, furnish a complete statement of
receipts and disbursements under oath, together with vouchers, receipts, and such
other evidence of the receipts and disbursements as may be required by the board.
### § 43-13-06. Secretary of board - Bond.

The secretary of the board, or the secretary's designee in the event the duties have been
delegated to another, must be bonded for the faithful discharge of duties in such amount as may
be prescribed by the board.
### § 43-13-07. Compensation and expenses of board members.

A member of the board shall receive as compensation for each day the member actually is
engaged in performing the duties of office a per diem as established by the board, mileage and
travel expenses as are provided for in section 54-06-09.
### § 43-13-08. Executive director of board - Compensation.

The executive director of the board shall receive for clerical expenses and other expenses
of the board an allowance, and a salary or other compensation, as the board shall determine.
### § 43-13-09. Biennial report.

The board may submit a biennial report to the governor and the secretary of state in
accordance with section 54-06-04.
### § 43-13-10. Meetings of board - Quorum - What constitutes.

The board shall meet at least once in each year at a place it designates, and in addition
thereto whenever and wherever the president and the secretary, for proper cause, call a
meeting. Four members of the board in actual attendance at any meeting constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business.
### § 43-13-11. Records of board.

The record of the proceedings of the board kept by the secretary, or the secretary's
designee, at all reasonable times must be open to public inspection. The record also must
contain a registry list of all persons licensed by the board, together with renewals and
revocations of licenses. The record constitutes the official registry of all persons licensed to
practice optometry in this state.

### § 43-13-12. Records of board as evidence.

A true copy of all records of the board, or any part thereof, is admissible in evidence without
further proof of authenticity when accompanied by the certificate of the secretary of the board
that the same is a true copy of the original record on file in the office of the secretary of the
board.
### § 43-13-13. Duties of board.

The board has the following duties:
1. To enforce the provisions and carry out the purposes of this chapter.
2. To make and enforce such rules and regulations consistent with law as may be
necessary for the proper performance of its duties; the effective enforcement of this
chapter; the reasonable regulation of the profession of optometry and the practice
thereof by persons licensed under this chapter; and to protect the health, welfare, and
safety of the citizens of this state.
3. To proceed in the courts of this state by injunction when considered necessary to
restrain any violation of this chapter.
4. To establish the following by rule:
a. Application fees;
b. License fees;
c. Renewal fees;
d. Late fees;
e. Endorsement fees;
f. Licensure verification fee;
g. Decorative wall certificate fee; and
h. Continuing education fees.
### § 43-13-13.1. Board may authorize use of ocular diagnostic pharmaceutical agents -

Training required for certification - Board may adopt rules.
Repealed by S.L. 1987, ch. 517, § 3.
### § 43-13-13.2. Practice of optometry - Requirements to practice optometry - Informed

consent.
1. Any person engaged in visual training procedures or who employs or prescribes
lenses, prisms, filters, ophthalmic instruments, or combinations thereof, held either in
contact with the eye, or in frames or mounting, to aid, relieve, or correct any visual or
ocular anomaly, or holds out as being able to do so, is deemed to be engaged in the
practice of optometry.
2. An optometrist may not dispense therapeutic pharmaceutical agents, except an
optometrist may:
a. Provide a patient a drug sample at no cost to the patient; or
b. Sell contact lenses or ophthalmic devices that are classified by the federal food
and drug administration as a drug.
3. An optometric telemedicine provider-patient relationship is established when a patient
seeks optometric services from a provider, and the provider agrees to provide
optometric services to the patient, except in an emergency. The provider-patient
relationship may be expressly created or created through implication; however, the
provider-patient relationship is not created through receipt of patient health information
by the provider unless a prior provider-patient relationship exists. The initial patient
relationship must be established through an eye examination conducted by a licensed
optometrist with a physical location in this state.
4. A licensed optometrist may act as a distant site provider and use telemedicine to
provide care in accordance with standards of practice established by the board by rule.
Telemedicine services may include consultation, diagnosis, and treatment for ocular
diseases, provided that the optometrist complies with the regulations under this
section. Before providing any optometric services to a patient via telemedicine, the

provider first shall provide appropriate verification of the provider's identification,
licensure, and current contact information.
5. Informed consent regarding the optometric services to be provided via telemedicine
must include, at a minimum, information regarding the provider's technology used to
provide optometric services via telemedicine and how to mitigate or resolve any
technological disconnection or issue.
### § 43-13-13.3. Standard of care.

An optometrist certified by the board in the use of pharmaceutical agents as provided in this
chapter must be held to the same standard of care in the use of such agents as are physicians
licensed by the North Dakota board of medicine.
### § 43-13-14. Members of board to administer oaths - Seal of board.

Any member of the board, upon being duly designated by the board, or a majority thereof,
may administer oaths or take testimony concerning any matter within the jurisdiction of the
board. The board may adopt a seal.
### § 43-13-15. Unlawful to practice without license - Regulations.

1. A person may not practice optometry in this state unless the person first obtains a
license and complies with the requirements of this chapter.
2. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it is unlawful for any person, or any entity
other than a licensed optometrist or a licensed physician to prescribe to the public
contact lenses, or any medical appliance having direct contact with the cornea of the
eye.
### § 43-13-16. Examination required - When given.

Before any person is granted a license to practice optometry in this state, the person must
pass an examination required by the board by rule.
### § 43-13-17. Application for licensure - Contents - Educational requirements - Fee.

1. Any person desiring to take the examination for or to secure a license to practice
optometry in this state shall file with the executive director of the board an application
in the form prescribed by the board. The applicant also shall furnish satisfactory proof
that the applicant:
a. Is at least eighteen years of age;
b. Is a person of good moral character; and
c. Is a graduate of an optometry school or college accredited by the council on
optometric education.
2. The applicant shall pay to the executive director of the board an application fee of a
reasonable sum fixed by the board by rule.
### § 43-13-18. Licensure by endorsement.

An applicant may secure a license to practice optometry in this state without taking all
required examinations as follows:
1. Presentation of a certified copy or an original certificate of registration or license in
good standing issued to the applicant by another state where the requirements for
license are equivalent to those of this state;
2. Payment of a reasonable sum fixed by the board; and
3. Unless waived by the board, all applicants for licensure by endorsement must:
a. Apply for the highest level of therapeutic licensure in this state.
b. Be current in the continuing education requirements of their current state of
licensure.
c. Pass a North Dakota state optometry law examination as required by the board to
be given at such times and places as are prescribed by the board.

d. Have a minimum of four years of practice, federal service, or teaching experience
as a licensed optometrist prior to making application.
e. Have not committed any act that would constitute grounds for disciplinary action
under this chapter or the rules and regulations of the board.
f. Submit to an oral interview before such persons and at a time and place as
prescribed by the board.
The board may give or require a practical examination of the applicant if it is deemed necessary.
### § 43-13-19. License - When issued - Fee.

Every applicant for a license to practice optometry in this state who meets the standards
required for licensure, including successfully passing the required examination, must be
licensed upon payment to the executive director of the board of a reasonable sum fixed by the
board.
### § 43-13-20. Term of license - Renewal - Annual license fee - Continuing educational

requirements.
A license to practice optometry in the state may be issued for one year only. A license may
be renewed by submitting to the board, during December of each year, the license fee for the
following year and satisfactory proof the licensee has met all continuing education conditions set
by the board. The license fee for each year must be determined annually by the board and be a
reasonable sum. This section does not require an applicant to become a member of the North
Dakota optometric association or any other association of optometrists.
### § 43-13-21. License to be displayed.

Every person to whom a license to practice optometry in this state is issued shall display the
same in a conspicuous place in the office where the practice of optometry is conducted.
### § 43-13-21.1. Disciplinary powers of the board.

1. The board may conduct investigations for the purpose of determining whether
violations of this chapter or grounds for disciplining licensees exist. The board may
establish an investigative panel to conduct an investigation under this section and may
subpoena records.
2. A complaint, response, and any record received by the board during the course of the
board's investigation into a complaint are exempt records, as defined in section
44-04-17.1, until the board concludes whether to pursue disciplinary action.
3. In addition to any other disciplinary actions available to the board, the board may take
one or more of the following actions against an optometrist who violates the provisions
of this chapter or the board's rules:
a. Letters of concern.
b. Letters of censure.
c. Reprimands.
d. Fines, including costs and attorney's fees.
e. Stipulations, limitations, and conditions relating to practice such as additional
education and counseling.
f. Probation.
g. Suspension of the license.
h. Revocation of the license.
4. The board may require a licensee to be examined on optometric knowledge and skills,
if the board has just cause to believe the licensee may be so deficient in knowledge
and skills as to jeopardize the health, welfare, and safety of the citizens of this state.
5. The board may require a physical or mental evaluation as provided in section
adversely affect the public welfare.
6. Disciplinary action must occur through an administrative hearing conducted in
accordance with chapter 28-32.

### § 43-13-22. License - When revoked.

1. After an administrative hearing conducted in accordance with chapter 28-32, the board
may restrict, revoke, or suspend any license granted by it under this chapter when the
board determines the holder of the license:
a. Has violated any provisions of this chapter, the rules and regulations of the board,
or committed an offense determined by the board to have a direct bearing upon a
holder's ability to serve the public as an optometrist, or when the board
determines, following conviction of a holder for any other offense, that the holder
is not sufficiently rehabilitated under section 12.1-33-02.1;
b. Has sold or distributed any drug legally classified as a controlled substance or as
an addictive or dangerous drug;
c. Has been addicted to the excessive use of intoxicating liquor or a controlled
substance for at least six months immediately prior to the filing of the charges;
d. Is afflicted with any contagious or infectious disease;
e. Is grossly incompetent to discharge the holder's duties in connection with the
practice of optometry;
f. Has employed fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, or fraudulent advertising in the
practice of optometry; or
g. Is engaged in the practice of optometry by being directly or indirectly employed by
any person other than a licensed optometrist, a physician licensed under chapter
43-17, a hospital, or a clinic operated by licensed optometrists or by licensed
physicians.
2. Any person whose license has been revoked or suspended may have the same
reinstated upon satisfactory proof that the disqualification has ceased or that the
disability has been removed and upon such conditions as established by the board.
### § 43-13-23. Revocation of license - Notice.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 349, § 6.
### § 43-13-24. Revocation of license - Hearing - Procedure - Witnesses - Expenses.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 349, § 6.
### § 43-13-25. Determination of board constitutes revocation of license.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 349, § 6.
### § 43-13-26. Revocation of license - Appeal.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 349, § 6.
### § 43-13-26.1. Impaired optometrists.

After a hearing conducted pursuant to chapter 28-32, the board may restrict, suspend, or
revoke the license of any licensed optometrist whose mental or physical ability to practice
optometry with reasonable skill and safety is impaired.
1. For the purpose of this section, "impairment" means the inability of a licensee to
practice optometry with reasonable skill and safety by reason of:
a. Mental illness; or
b. Physical illness, including physical deterioration that adversely affects cognitive,
motor, or perceptive skills.
2. The board may, upon probable cause, require a licensee or applicant to submit to a
mental or physical examination by appropriate health care providers designated by the
board. The results of the examination are admissible in any hearing, despite any claim
of privilege under any contrary rule or statute. Every person who receives a license to
practice optometry or who files an application for a license to practice optometry is
deemed to have given consent to submit to the admissibility of the results in any
hearing. If a licensee or applicant fails to submit to an examination when properly
directed to do so by the board, unless the failure was due to circumstances deemed to

be beyond the licensee's control, the board may enter a final disciplinary order upon
proper notice, hearing, and proof of such refusal.
3. If the board finds, after examination and administrative hearing, that a licensee is
impaired, it may take one or more of the following actions:
a. Direct the licensee to submit to care, counseling, or treatment acceptable to the
board; and
b. Suspend, limit, or restrict the optometrist's license for the duration of the
impairment.
4. Any licensee or applicant who is prohibited from practicing optometry under this
section must be afforded an opportunity, at reasonable intervals, to demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the board that the licensee or applicant can resume or begin the
practice of optometry with reasonable skill and safety. Licensure may not be reinstated
without the payment of the current license fee and may be subject to such reasonable
restrictions as may be imposed by the board.
### § 43-13-27. Penalty.

Any person who violates any provision of this chapter is guilty of a class B misdemeanor.
### § 43-13-28. Prohibitions.

It is unlawful for any person who is not the holder of a license to practice optometry, to
engage in the practice of optometry, directly or indirectly, by employing or hiring upon a salary,
commission, or other profit-sharing arrangement a licensed optometrist except as permitted by
the rules and regulations of the board. The provisions of this section do not apply to a physician
licensed under chapter 43-17, a hospital, or a clinic operated by licensed optometrists or by
licensed physicians.
### § 43-13-29. Prohibiting solicitation of sale of optical appliances and visual services by

means of advertisement or otherwise.
Repealed by S.L. 1981, ch. 435, § 26.
### § 43-13-30. Reports and testimony accepted - Nondiscrimination and freedom of choice

of ocular practitioner.
The testimony and reports of an optometrist licensed to practice in this state must be
received by any state, county, municipality, school district, or other public board, body, agency,
institution, or official and by any private educational or other institution receiving public funds as
qualified evidence with respect to any matter within the scope of the practice of optometry as
defined in section 43-13-01; and no such board, body, agency, official, or institution may, in
retaining and utilizing the professional services of ocular practitioners, discriminate between
licensed practitioners of optometry and physicians or interfere with any individual's right to free
choice of ocular practitioner, when such professional services are within the scope of section
### § 43-13-01. Nothing herein in any manner restricts the authority of any such board, body, agency,

official, or institution from utilizing the services of a physician for examinations of the eyes or
treatment of diseases of the eyes.
Section 43-13-13 applies in actions to correct any violations of this section.
### § 43-13-31. Discrimination in optometric services prohibited.

A person may not discriminate between licensed practitioners of optometry and physicians,
or interfere with any individual's right to free choice of ocular practitioner, with respect to the
providing of professional services within the scope of section 43-13-01. If a health, accident or
disability policy or insurance contract, or any other type of benefit or safety program specifically
provides for the payment of optometric services within the scope of section 43-13-01, the
payment must be made regardless of whether the service is performed by a physician or
optometrist.

### § 43-13-32. Board immunity and privileged communications.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 349, § 6.
