# Title 47 — Property

## Chapter 47-37 — Uniform Environmental Covenants Act

### § 47-37-01. Definitions.

1. "Activity and use limitations" means restrictions or obligations created under this
chapter with respect to real property.
2. "Agency" means the department of environmental quality or any other state or federal
agency that determines or approves the environmental response project pursuant to
which the environmental covenant is created.
3. "Common interest community" means a condominium, cooperative, or other real
property with respect to which a person, by virtue of the person's ownership of a parcel
of real property, is obligated to pay property taxes or insurance premiums, or for
maintenance, or improvement of other real property described in a recorded covenant
that creates the common interest community.
4. "Environmental covenant" means a servitude arising under an environmental response
project that imposes activity and use limitations.
5. "Environmental response project" means a plan or work performed for environmental
remediation of real property and conducted:
a. Under a federal or state program governing environmental remediation of real
property, including chapters 23.1-04, 23.1-08, and 61-28;
b. Incident to closure of a solid or hazardous waste management unit, if the closure
is conducted with approval of an agency; or
c. Under a state voluntary cleanup program authorized under title 23.1.
6. "Holder" means the grantee of an environmental covenant as specified in subsection 1
of section 47-37-02.
7. "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership,
limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government,
governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial
entity.
8. "Record", used as a noun, means information inscribed on a tangible medium or
stored in an electronic or other medium and which is retrievable in perceivable form.
9. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the
United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States.
### § 47-37-02. Nature of rights - Subordination of interests.

1. Any person, including a person that owns an interest in the real property, the agency,
or a municipality or other unit of local government, may be a holder. An environmental
covenant may identify more than one holder. The interest of a holder is an interest in
real property.
2. A right of an agency under this chapter or under an environmental covenant, other
than a right as a holder, is not an interest in real property.
3. An agency is bound by any obligation it assumes in an environmental covenant, but an
agency does not assume obligations merely by signing an environmental covenant.
Any other person that signs an environmental covenant is bound by the obligations the
person assumes in the covenant, but signing the covenant does not change
obligations, rights, or protections granted or imposed under law other than this chapter
except as provided in the covenant.
4. The following rules apply to interests in real property in existence at the time an
environmental covenant is created or amended:
a. An interest that has priority under other law is not affected by an environmental
covenant unless the person that owns the interest subordinates that interest to
the covenant.
b. This chapter does not require a person that owns a prior interest to subordinate
that interest to an environmental covenant or to agree to be bound by the
covenant.

c. A subordination agreement may be contained in an environmental covenant
covering real property or in a separate record. If the environmental covenant
covers commonly owned property in a common interest community, the record
may be signed by any person authorized by the governing board of the owners'
association.
d. An agreement by a person to subordinate a prior interest to an environmental
covenant affects the priority of that person's interest but does not by itself impose
any affirmative obligation on the person with respect to the environmental
covenant.
### § 47-37-03. Contents of environmental covenant.

1. An environmental covenant must:
a. State the instrument is an environmental covenant executed pursuant to chapter
47-37;
b. Contain a legally sufficient description of the real property subject to the
covenant;
c. Describe the activity and use limitations on the real property;
d. Identify every holder;
e. Be signed by the agency, every holder, and unless waived by the agency every
owner of the fee simple of the real property subject to the covenant; and
f. Identify the name and location of any administrative record for the environmental
response project reflected in the environmental covenant.
2. In addition to the information required by subsection 1, an environmental covenant
may contain other information, restrictions, and requirements agreed to by the persons
who signed it, including:
a. Requirements for notice following transfer of a specified interest in, or concerning
proposed changes in use of, applications for building permits for, or proposals for
any site work affecting the contamination on, the property subject to the
covenant;
b. Requirements for periodic reporting describing compliance with the covenant;
c. Rights of access to the property granted in connection with implementation or
enforcement of the covenant;
d. A brief narrative description of the contamination and remedy, including the
contaminants of concern, the pathways of exposure, limits on exposure, and the
location and extent of the contamination;
e. Limitation on amendment or termination of the covenant in addition to those
contained in sections 47-37-08 and 47-37-09; and
f. Rights of the holder in addition to its right to enforce the covenant pursuant to
section 47-37-10.
3. In addition to other conditions for its approval of an environmental covenant, the
agency may require those persons specified by the agency which have interests in the
real property to sign the covenant.
### § 47-37-04. Validity - Effect on other instruments.

1. An environmental covenant that complies with this chapter runs with the land.
2. An environmental covenant that is otherwise effective is valid and enforceable even if:
a. It is not appurtenant to an interest in real property;
b. It can be or has been assigned to a person other than the original holder;
c. It is not of a character that has been recognized traditionally at common law;
d. It imposes a negative burden;
e. It imposes an affirmative obligation on a person having an interest in the real
property or on the holder;
f. The benefit or burden does not touch or concern real property;
g. There is no privity of estate or contract;
h. The holder dies, ceases to exist, resigns, or is replaced; or

i. The owner of an interest subject to the environmental covenant and the holder
are the same person.
3. An instrument that creates restrictions or obligations with respect to real property that
would qualify as activity and use limitations except for the fact that the instrument was
recorded before August 1, 2021, is not invalid or unenforceable because of any of the
limitations on enforcement of interests described in subsection 2 or because it was
identified as an easement, servitude, deed restriction, or other interest. This chapter
does not apply in any other respect to such an instrument.
4. This chapter does not invalidate or render unenforceable any interest, whether
designated as an environmental covenant or other interest, which is otherwise
enforceable under the law of this state.
### § 47-37-05. Relationship to other land-use law.

This chapter does not authorize a use of real property which is otherwise prohibited by
zoning, by law other than this chapter regulating use of real property, or by a recorded
instrument that has priority over the environmental covenant. An environmental covenant may
prohibit or restrict uses of real property which are authorized by zoning or by law other than this
chapter.
### § 47-37-06. Notice.

1. A copy of an environmental covenant must be provided by the persons and in the
manner required by the agency to:
a. Each person that signed the covenant;
b. Each person holding a recorded interest in the real property subject to the
covenant;
c. Each person in possession of the real property subject to the covenant;
d. Each municipality or other unit of local government in which real property subject
to the covenant is located; and
e. Any other person the agency requires.
2. The validity of a covenant is not affected by failure to provide a copy of the covenant
as required under this section.
### § 47-37-07. Recording.

1. An environmental covenant and any amendment or termination of the covenant must
be recorded in every county in which any portion of the real property subject to the
covenant is located. For purposes of indexing, a holder must be treated as a grantee.
2. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3 of section 47-37-08 an environmental
covenant is subject to the laws of this state governing recording and priority of
interests in real property.
### § 47-37-08. Duration - Amendment by court action.

1. An environmental covenant is perpetual unless it is:
a. By its terms limited to a specific duration or terminated by the occurrence of a
specific event;
b. Terminated by consent pursuant to section 47-37-09;
c. Terminated pursuant to subsection 2;
d. Terminated by foreclosure of an interest that has priority over the environmental
covenant; or
e. Terminated or modified in an eminent domain proceeding, but only if:
(1) The agency that signed the covenant is a party to the proceeding;
(2) All persons identified in subsections 1 and 2 of section 47-37-09 are given
notice of the pendency of the proceeding; and
(3) The court determines, after hearing, the termination or modification will not
adversely affect human health or the environment.

2. If the agency that signed an environmental covenant has determined the intended
benefits of the covenant can no longer be realized, a court, under the doctrine of
changed circumstances, in an action in which all persons identified in subsections 1
and 2 of section 47-37-09 have been given notice, may terminate the covenant or
reduce its burden on the real property subject to the covenant. The agency's
determination or its failure to make a determination upon request is subject to review
pursuant to chapter 28-32.
3. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 1 and 2, an environmental covenant may
not be extinguished, limited, or impaired through issuance of a tax deed, foreclosure of
a tax lien, or application of the doctrine of adverse possession, prescription,
abandonment, waiver, lack of enforcement, or acquiescence, or a similar doctrine.
4. An environmental covenant may not be extinguished, limited, or impaired by
application of chapters 38-18.1 and 47-19.1.
### § 47-37-09. Amendment or termination by consent.

1. An environmental covenant may be amended or terminated by consent only if the
amendment or termination is signed by:
a. The agency;
b. Unless waived by the agency, the current owner of the fee simple of the real
property subject to the covenant;
c. Each person that originally signed the covenant, unless the person waived in a
signed record the right to consent or a court finds the person no longer exists or
cannot be located or identified with the exercise of reasonable diligence; and
d. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision b of subsection 4, the holder.
2. If an interest in real property is subject to an environmental covenant, the interest is
not affected by an amendment of the covenant unless the current owner of the interest
consents to the amendment or has waived in a signed record the right to consent to
amendments.
3. Except for an assignment undertaken pursuant to a governmental reorganization,
assignment of an environmental covenant to a new holder is an amendment.
4. Except as otherwise provided in an environmental covenant:
a. A holder may not assign its interest without consent of the other parties;
b. A holder may be removed and replaced by agreement of the other parties
specified in subsection 1; and
c. A court of competent jurisdiction may fill a vacancy in the position of holder.
### § 47-37-10. Enforcement of environmental covenant.

1. A civil action for injunctive or other equitable relief for violation of an environmental
covenant may be maintained by:
a. A party to the covenant;
b. The agency or, if it is not the agency, the department of environmental quality;
c. Any person to which the covenant expressly grants power to enforce;
d. A person that has interest in the real property or has collateral or liability that may
be affected by the alleged violation of the covenant; or
e. A municipality or other unit of local government in which the real property subject
to the covenant is located.
2. This chapter does not limit the regulatory authority of the agency or the department of
environmental quality under law other than this chapter with respect to an
environmental response project.
3. A person is not responsible for or subject to liability for environmental remediation
solely because the person has the right to enforce an environmental covenant.
### § 47-37-11. Registry - Substitute notice.

1. The department of environmental quality shall establish and maintain a registry that
contains all environmental covenants and any amendment or termination of those

covenants. The registry also may contain any other information concerning
environmental covenants and the real property subject to the covenants which the
department of environmental quality considers appropriate. The registry is a public
record for purposes of section 44-04-18.
2. After an environmental covenant or an amendment or termination of a covenant is filed
in the registry established pursuant to subsection 1, a notice of the covenant,
amendment, or termination that complies with this section may be recorded in the land
records in lieu of recording the entire covenant. Any such notice must contain:
a. A legally sufficient description and any available street address of the real
property subject to the covenant;
b. The name and address of the owner of the fee simple interest in the real property,
the agency, and the holder if other than the agency;
c. A statement that the covenant, amendment, or termination is available in a
registry at the department of environmental quality, which discloses the method of
any electronic access; and
d. A statement that the notice is notification of an environmental covenant executed
pursuant to this chapter.
3. A statement in substantially the following form, executed with the same formalities as a
deed in this state, satisfies the requirements of subsection 2:
a. This notice is filed in the land records of the (insert political subdivision) of (insert
name of jurisdiction in which the real property is located) pursuant to, section
47-37-11.
b. This notice and the covenant, amendment, or termination to which it refers may
impose significant obligations with respect to the property described below.
c. A legal description of the property is attached as Exhibit A to this notice. The
address of the property subject to the environmental covenant is (insert either
address of property or not available).
d. The name and address of the owner of the fee simple interest in the real property
on the date of this notice is (insert name of current owner of the property and the
owner's current address as shown on the tax records of the jurisdiction in which
the property is located).
e. The environmental covenant, amendment, or termination was signed by (insert
name and address of the agency).
f. The environmental covenant, amendment, or termination was filed in the registry
on (insert date of filing).
g. The full text of the covenant, amendment, or termination and any other
information required by the agency is on file and available for inspection and
copying in the registry maintained for that purpose by the department of
environmental quality at 918 East Divide Avenue, Bismarck, North Dakota 58501.
The covenant, amendment, or termination may be found electronically at
https://deq.nd.gov/.
### § 47-37-12. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

This chapter modifies, limits, or supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and
National Commerce Act [15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.], but does not modify, limit, or supersede
section 101(c) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 7001(c)], or authorize electronic delivery of any of the
notices described in section 103(b) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 7003(b)].
