# Title 13 — Debtor and Creditor Relationship

## Chapter 13-05 — Collection Agencies

### § 13-05-01. Administration.

The department of financial institutions shall use its facilities to administer and enforce this
chapter. Any person or persons delegated to administer this chapter may not have financial
interests directly or indirectly in any business which is subject to this chapter.
### § 13-05-01.1. Definitions.

As used in this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires:
1. "Collection agency" means a person that, in the ordinary course of business, engages
in debt collection.
2. "Commissioner" means the commissioner of financial institutions.
3. "Communication" means the conveyance or receipt of information regarding or
facilitating the collection of a debt, directly or indirectly, to or from any person through
any medium.
4. "Credit card payment" means a payment made by a payment card which incurs a
credit card interchange fee to the collection agency, regardless of the type of payment
card used.
5. "Creditor" means a person that offers or extends credit creating a debt or to which a
debt is owed. The term does not include a person to the extent that person receives an
assignment or transfer of a debt in default solely for the purpose of facilitating
collection of that debt.
6. "Debt" means an obligation or alleged obligation to pay money arising out of a
transaction, regardless of whether the obligation has been reduced to a judgment.
7. "Debt collection" means the act of collecting or attempting to collect, directly or
indirectly, debts owed or due or asserted to be owed or due another. The term also
includes solicitation of debts for the purpose of collection and accepting assignment of
debts for the purpose of collection.
8. "Insolvent" means the point at which a licensed entity's liabilities exceed the entity's
tangible assets, which only include assets that have a physical existence and are
capable of being assigned a value.
9. "Mortgage servicing company" means a company performing the required duties of a
mortgage seller, such as collecting payments, releasing the lien on full payment, and
confirming taxes are paid and insurance is in force.
### § 13-05-02. Collection agency license required.

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person, other than a collection agency
licensed and authorized under this chapter, may engage in debt collection in the state of North
Dakota without a collection agency license issued by the commissioner. A person engages in
debt collection in North Dakota if the debtor resides in North Dakota.
### § 13-05-02.1. Branch offices.

The commissioner may grant approval for each branch office which must be submitted by
an application. When used in this chapter, "branch office" means a physical location where
collection activity is carried out, other than the location where the collection agency license was
granted, but does not include a virtual office. As used in this chapter, "virtual office" means a
remote location from which employees can work under the full control and monitoring of the
collection agency through telecommunications and computer links. Records may not be
maintained at a virtual office and a virtual office may not be held open to the public as a place of
business.
### § 13-05-02.2. Child support collection agencies.

1. Notwithstanding sections 13-05-02 and 13-05-02.3, a collection agency attempting in
any manner to collect child support as defined in section 14-09-09.10 must be licensed

under this chapter if either the child support debtor or creditor reside within this state, if
the child support debt arises under an order issued by a court of this state, or if a
record of the child support debt is being maintained on the statewide automated data
processing system under section 50-09-02.1.
2. A collection agency licensed under this section may not:
a. Impose a fee or charge for any child support collected primarily through the
efforts of a governmental agency;
b. Impose a fee or charge for collection of a current child support payment; or
c. Designate a current child support payment as past-due support or other amount
owed.
3. If the child support debt arises under an order issued by a court of this state, or if a
record of the child support debt is being maintained on the statewide automated data
processing system under section 50-09-02.1, all child support payments collected by a
collection agency must be paid to the department of health and human services within
five business days for disbursement under section 14-09-25. Child support payments
disbursed under section 14-09-25 may not be redirected to a collection agency unless
specifically permitted by rules adopted by the department of health and human
services.
4. A collection agency failing to pay child support payments to the department of health
and human services as required in this section is liable to the obligor for three times
the amount improperly withheld by the collection agency or five hundred dollars,
whichever is greater, in addition to any other remedy or damages permitted by law.
The department of health and human services is not required to give credit for
payments withheld by a collection agency in violation of this section.
5. Any person contracting for services with a collection agency for the collection of child
support may cancel the contract without a fee or charge upon thirty days' written
notice.
### § 13-05-02.3. Entities exempt from licensing requirements.

This chapter does not apply to:
1. Attorneys at law who are licensed to practice in the state of North Dakota. This
exemption is limited to the actions of the licensed attorney and does not extend to
persons either employed by the attorney or acting on behalf of the attorney;
2. Licensed real estate brokers if the engaged activity is regulated as part of that
individual's professional license;
3. Banks;
4. Trust companies;
5. Building and loan associations;
6. Credit unions;
7. Agencies of a state or of the federal government and employees of state or federal
agencies solely pursuant to the individual's official duties as an employee of the state
or federal agency;
8. Abstract companies doing an escrow business;
9. Creditors collecting their own debts;
10. Mortgage servicing company;
11. Individuals or firms who purchase or take accounts receivable for collateral purposes;
12. Individuals employed in the capacity of creditmen upon the staff of an employer not
engaged in the business of a collection agency; or
13. A public officer, receiver, or trustee acting under the order of a court.
### § 13-05-03. Application for a collection agency license.

1. Each application for a collection agency license, or for a renewal thereof, must be in
the form prescribed by the commissioner and must contain the following information:
a. The full name and proposed business name of the applicant.
b. The address where the business is to be conducted.

c. The names and addresses of the applicant and those associated with the
applicant. If the applicant is a corporation, the application must contain the names
of the officers of the corporation. If the applicant is a limited liability company, the
application must contain the names of the managers of the limited liability
company. The applicant must register with the North Dakota secretary of state if
so required.
d. Such additional information which the department of financial institutions shall
require.
2. To fulfill the purposes of this chapter, the commissioner may establish relationships or
contracts with a nationwide multistate licensing system and registry or other entities
designated by a nationwide multistate licensing system and registry to collect and
maintain records and process transaction fees or other fees related to licensees or
other persons subject to the chapter. The applicant shall pay directly to such
nationwide multistate licensing system any additional fee relating to participation in
such nationwide multistate licensing system.
3. In connection with an application for licensing as a collection agency, or any license
renewals, the applicant shall furnish to the nationwide multistate licensing system
information concerning the applicant's identity, which may include:
a. Fingerprints for submission to the federal bureau of investigation, and any
governmental agency or entity authorized to receive such information for a state,
national, and international criminal history background check;
b. Personal history and experience in a form prescribed by the nationwide multistate
licensing system, including the submission of authorization for the nationwide
multistate licensing system and the commissioner to obtain:
(1) An independent credit report obtained from a consumer reporting agency
described in section 603(p) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act; and
(2) Information related to any administrative, civil, or criminal findings by any
governmental jurisdiction; and
c. Any other documents, information, or evidence the commissioner deems relevant
to the application regardless of the location, possession, control, or custody of
such documents, information, or evidence.
4. For the purposes of this section and in order to reduce the points of contact which the
federal bureau of investigation may have to maintain for purposes of subsection 3, the
commissioner may use the nationwide multistate licensing system and registry as a
channeling agent for requesting information from and distributing information to the
department of justice or any governmental agency.
5. For the purposes of this section and in order to reduce the points of contact which the
commissioner may have to maintain for purposes of subsection 3, the commissioner
may use the nationwide multistate licensing system and registry as a channeling agent
for requesting and distributing information to and from any source so directed by the
commissioner.
### § 13-05-04. Application requirements - Fee to accompany application for collection

agency license.
The application for a collection agency license must be in writing, under oath, and in the
form prescribed by the commissioner. The application must give the location where the business
is to be conducted and must contain any further information the commissioner requires,
including the names and addresses of the partners, officers, directors, trustees, and the
principal owners or members as will provide the basis for the investigation and findings
contemplated by section 13-05-03. At the time of making such application, the applicant shall
include payment in the sum of four hundred dollars, which is not subject to refund, as a fee for
investigating the application, and the sum of four hundred dollars for the annual license. In
addition, the applicant shall pay a fifty dollar annual fee for each branch location. Fees must be
deposited in the financial institutions regulatory fund.

### § 13-05-04.1. Surety bond required.

1. Each licensee shall maintain a surety bond in the amount of fifty thousand dollars.
2. The surety bond must be in a form as prescribed by the commissioner.
3. When an action is commenced on a licensee's bond, the commissioner may require
the filing of a new bond.
4. Immediately upon recovery upon any action on the bond, the licensee shall file a new
bond.
### § 13-05-04.2. Minimum net worth required.

A minimum net worth must be continuously maintained by every licensee in accordance
with this section.
1. Minimum net worth must be maintained in the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars.
2. If the net worth of a licensee falls below the minimum net worth as set forth in
subsection 1, the licensee shall provide a plan, subject to the approval of the
commissioner, to increase the licensee's net worth to an amount in conformance with
this section. Submission of a plan under this section must be made within twenty
business days of a notice from the commissioner that the licensee is not in compliance
with subsection 1. If the licensee does not submit a plan under this section, fails to
comply with an approved plan, or has repeated violations of subsection 1, the
commissioner may revoke the license.
### § 13-05-05. Expiration and renewal of license.

All licenses required herein expire on December thirty-first of each year and may be
renewed. Applications for renewal must be submitted thirty days before the expiration of the
license and must be accompanied by the required annual fees, which are not subject to refund.
The form and content of renewal applications must be determined by the department of financial
institutions and a renewal application may be denied upon the same grounds as would justify
denial of an initial application. When a licensee has been delinquent in renewing the licensee's
license, the department may charge an additional fee of fifty dollars for the renewal of the
license. A collection agency license is not transferable. If the commissioner determines that an
ownership change has occurred in a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership,
corporation, or limited liability corporation that was previously granted a collection agency
license, the commissioner may require a new application from the purchaser. The application
must be filed within forty-five days from the date change of ownership is consummated. The
department shall act on the application within sixty days from the date the application is
received but may extend the review period for good cause. The collection agency license
granted to the previous owner continues in effect to the new purchaser until the application is
either granted or denied.
### § 13-05-05.1. Change of name or address.

A licensee is required to submit within twenty business days of the date of change,
notification of a change of name or change of address. The notification must be in the form
prescribed by the commissioner.
### § 13-05-05.2. Automatic six-month extension of license during 2014 calendar year.

Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 123, § 10.
### § 13-05-06. Powers of the department of financial institutions.

Insofar as consistent with other provisions of law, the department of financial institutions has
the power to:
1. Determine the qualifications of all applicants based on financial responsibility, financial
condition, business experience, character, and general fitness which must reasonably
warrant the belief that the applicant's business will be conducted lawfully and fairly. In
determining whether this qualification is met, and for the purpose of investigating
compliance with this chapter, the commissioner may review and consider the relevant

business records and capital adequacy of the applicant and the competence,
experience, integrity, and financial ability of a person who is a member, partner,
director, officer, or twenty-five percent or more shareholder of the applicant.
2. Conduct investigations and make an examination of any licensee or licensee's place of
business, including all records of such business, and to subpoena witnesses anytime it
has reason to believe such is necessary to ensure and enforce compliance with state
and federal rules and regulations. The licensee shall pay an examination or visitation
fee and must be charged by the department of financial institutions at an hourly rate to
be set by the commissioner, sufficient to cover all reasonable expenses of the
department associated with the examination or visitation provided for by this section.
Fees must be paid to the state treasurer and deposited in the financial institutions
regulatory fund.
3. Establish codes of ethical conduct for licensees.
4. Adopt any and all rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purpose of this
chapter.
5. Issue and serve upon any person or licensed collection agency an order to cease and
desist to take corrective action when the department has reason to believe the person
or agency is violating, has violated, or is about to violate the provisions of this chapter.
An interested party may appeal issuance of a cease and desist order under the
provisions of chapter 28-32 by filing written notice of appeal within twenty days after
service of the order.
6. If the commissioner determines a licensee is insolvent, or the license has expired or
terminated for any reason, the commissioner, on determining such action necessary to
protect the public interest, may apply to the district court for the county in which the
main office of such licensee is located for appointment of a receiver to receive the
assets of the licensee for the purpose of liquidating its business or for such other relief
as the nature of the case and the interest of the claimants may require. The
reasonable and necessary expenses of the receivership shall constitute the first claim
on the bond.
### § 13-05-06.1. Suspension and removal of collection agency officers or employees.

1. The commissioner of financial institutions may issue and serve upon any current or
former collection agency officer or employee and upon the collection agency involved
an order stating:
a. That the current or former officer or employee is willfully engaging or has willfully
engaged in any of the following conduct:
(1) Violating any law, rule, order, or written agreement with the commissioner.
(2) Engaging in any harassment or abuse, the making of false or misleading
representations, or engaging in unfair practices involving collection activity.
(3) Performing any act of commission or omission or practice which is a breach
of trust or a breach of fiduciary duty.
b. The term of the suspension or removal from employment and participation within
the conduct or the affairs of a collection agency.
2. The order must contain a notice of opportunity for hearing pursuant to chapter 28-32.
3. If no hearing is requested within twenty business days of the date the order is served,
or if a hearing is held and the commissioner finds that the record so warrants, the
commissioner may enter a final order suspending or removing the current or former
officer or employee. The current or former officer or employee shall have the
opportunity to request a termination of the final order after a period of no less than
three years.
4. A contested or default suspension or removal order is effective immediately upon
service of the final order on the current or former officer or employee and upon the
collection agency. A consent order is effective as agreed. Any current or former officer
or employee suspended or removed from employment and participation within the
conduct or the affairs of a collection agency pursuant to this section is not eligible,
while under suspension or removal, to be employed or otherwise participate in the

affairs of any financial corporation, financial institution, credit union, or any other entity
licensed by the department of financial institutions.
5. When any current or former officer or employee, or other person participating in the
conduct of the affairs of a collection agency is charged with a felony in state or federal
court which involves dishonesty or breach of trust, the commissioner may immediately
suspend the person from office or prohibit the person from any further participation in
the collection agency's affairs, or both. The order is effective immediately upon service
of the order on the collection agency and the person charged and remains in effect
until the criminal charge is finally disposed of or until modified by the commissioner. If
a judgment of conviction, federal pretrial diversion, or similar state order or judgment is
entered, the commissioner may order that the suspension or prohibition be made
permanent. A finding of not guilty or other disposition of the charge does not preclude
the commissioner from pursuing administrative or civil remedies.
6. Under this section, a person engages in conduct "willfully" if the person acted
intentionally in the sense that the person was aware of what the person was doing.
### § 13-05-06.2. Investigations and subpoenas.

1. The department of financial institutions may:
a. Make such public or private investigation within or outside this state as it deems
necessary to determine whether a person has violated or is about to violate a
provision of this chapter or a rule or order under this chapter, or to aid in the
enforcement of this chapter or in the adopting of rules and forms under this
chapter.
b. Require or permit a person to file a statement in writing, under oath or otherwise
as the department determines, as to all the facts and circumstances concerning
the matter to be investigated.
c. Publish information concerning a violation of this chapter or a rule or order under
this chapter.
2. For the purpose of an investigation or proceeding under this chapter, the department
of financial institutions may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses,
compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of books, papers,
correspondence, memoranda, agreements, or other documents or records which the
department deems relevant or material to the inquiry.
3. In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, a person, the district
court, upon application by the department of financial institutions, may issue to the
person an order requiring the person to appear before the department, there to
produce documentary evidence if so ordered or to give evidence touching the matter
under investigation or in question. Failure to obey the order of the court may be
punished by the court as a contempt of court.
4. A person is not excused from attending and testifying or from producing a document or
record before the department of financial institutions, or in obedience of the subpoena
of the department or in a proceeding instituted by the department, on the grounds that
the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of the person may tend
to incriminate the person or subject the person to a penalty or forfeiture; but an
individual may not be prosecuted or subjected to a penalty or forfeiture for or on
account of a transaction, matter, or thing concerning which the person is compelled,
after claiming the privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or produce evidence,
documentary or otherwise, except that the individual testifying is not exempt from
prosecution and punishment for perjury or contempt committed in testifying.
5. In making any examination or investigation authorized by this chapter, the
commissioner may control access to any documents and records of the licensee or
person under examination or investigation. The commissioner may take possession of
the documents and records or place a person in exclusive charge of the documents
and records in the place where they are usually kept. During the period of control, no
individual or person shall remove or attempt to remove any of the documents and
records except pursuant to a court order or with the consent of the commissioner.

Unless the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe any of the documents
and records of the licensee have been, or are at risk of being altered or destroyed for
purposes of concealing a violation of this chapter, the licensee or owner of the
documents and records shall have access to the documents and records as necessary
to conduct its ordinary business affairs. All records controlled by the commissioner
under the authority of this subsection shall be exempt under the open records law.
6. In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the commissioner may:
a. Retain accountants or other professionals and specialists as examiners, auditors,
or investigators to conduct or assist in the conduct of examinations or
investigations; and
b. Use, hire, contract, or employ publicly or privately available analytical systems,
methods, or software to examine or investigate the licensee, individual, or person
subject to this chapter.
7. The authority of this section remains in effect, whether such a licensee, individual, or
person subject to this chapter acts or claims to act under any licensing or registration
law of this state or claims to act without such authority.
### § 13-05-06.3. Prohibited acts and practices.

It is a violation of this chapter for a person or individual subject to this chapter to:
1. Negligently make any false statement or knowingly make any omission of material fact
in connection with any information, reports, or applications filed with the department or
another governmental agency.
2. Collect, charge, attempt to collect or charge, or use or propose any agreement
purporting to collect or charge any fee prohibited by this chapter.
3. Fail to truthfully account for moneys belonging to or collected from another.
### § 13-05-06.4. Confidentiality.

To promote more effective regulation and reduce regulatory burden through supervisory
information sharing, the commissioner or commissioner's designee may furnish information to or
receive information from a nationwide multistate licensing system for the purpose of regulation
of the financial services industry. Information furnished by the commissioner to any third party
which is confidential or privileged in the commissioner's possession remains confidential or
privileged in the possession of the third party. Information received by the commissioner from
any third party which is confidential or privileged in the third-party's possession remains
confidential or privileged in the commissioner's possession.
### § 13-05-06.5. Credit card payment.

A collection agency may collect or attempt to collect, in addition to the principal amount of a
claim, a transaction fee for processing a credit card payment in an amount that does not exceed
two and one-half percent of the payment amount if:
1. The transaction fee is not prohibited under section 13-05-02.2;
2. A no-cost payment option is available to the debtor; and
3. The collection agency discloses the no-cost option to the debtor at the same time and
in the same manner as the debtor's credit card information is taken.
### § 13-05-07. Manner in which records and funds to be kept by collection agency.

1. Every collection agency licensed under this chapter shall keep a record of all sums
collected by it and of all disbursements made by it for a period of six years from the
date of last entry thereon. The records of a licensee may be maintained electronically
provided they can be reproduced upon request of the department of financial
institutions and within the required statutory time period provided in this section.
2. When a licensee ceases operations for any reason, the licensee shall be required to
inform the department of the location of the records required to be maintained in
accordance with section 13-05-07. In addition, the licensee shall provide the name of
the individual responsible for maintenance of the records. The licensee shall notify the

department within ten business days of the change of the location of the records or the
change of the individual responsible for maintenance of the records.
3. No licensee, individual, or person subject to investigation or examination under this
section may intentionally make any false entry in any such collection agency record or
knowingly withhold, abstract, secrete, remove, mutilate, destroy, or otherwise dispose
of any books, records, computer records, or other information within the time limit
provided in this section.
4. No licensee under this chapter may commingle the money of collection agency
customers with other than collection funds and shall maintain a separate bank account
for such customer's funds and shall keep such funds in the bank account until
disbursed to the customer.
### § 13-05-07.1. Response to department requests.

An applicant, licensee, or other person subject to the provisions of this chapter shall comply
with requests for information, documents, or other requests from the department of financial
institutions within the time specified in the request, which must be a minimum of ten days, or, if
no time is specified, within thirty days of the request by the department of financial institutions. If
the request for information is in regard to a new application or renewal of an existing application
and is not received within the time specified in the request, the department may deny the
application.
### § 13-05-08. Revocation of license - Suspension of license - Surrender of license -

Pre-existing contracts.
1. The commissioner may issue and serve upon any licensee an order suspending or
revoking a licensee's license if the commissioner finds that:
a. The licensee has failed to pay the annual license fee under this chapter or any
examination fee imposed by the commissioner under the authority of this chapter.
b. The licensee, either knowingly or without the exercise of due care to prevent the
same, has violated any provision of this chapter or any regulation or order lawfully
made pursuant to and within the authority of this chapter.
c. Any fact or condition existing at the time of the original application for such
license which clearly would have warranted the department of financial
institutions in refusing originally to issue such license.
d. The licensee has failed to maintain the required bond.
e. The licensee has failed to maintain registration with the North Dakota secretary of
state if so required.
2. The order must contain a notice of opportunity for hearing pursuant to chapter 28-32.
3. If no hearing is requested within twenty business days of the date the order is served
upon the licensee, or if a hearing is held and the commissioner finds that the record so
warrants, the commissioner may enter a final order suspending or revoking the
license.
4. If the commissioner finds that probable cause for revocation of any license exists and
that enforcement of the chapter requires immediate suspension of such license
pending investigation, it may, upon written notice, enter an order suspending such
license for a period not exceeding sixty days, pending the holding of a hearing as
prescribed in this chapter.
5. Any licensee may surrender the licensee's license by delivering it to the department of
financial institutions with written notice of its surrender, but such surrender does not
affect the licensee's civil or criminal liability for acts committed prior thereto.
### § 13-05-08.1. Biennial report.

The commissioner of financial institutions shall submit a biennial report to the governor and
the secretary of state in accordance with section 54-06-04.

### § 13-05-09. Remedies not exclusive.

The remedies provided for in this chapter are in addition to and not exclusive of any other
remedies provided by law.
### § 13-05-10. Penalty.

Any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a class C felony. The
commissioner may impose a civil money penalty not to exceed five thousand dollars per
violation upon a person or agency who willfully violates a law, rule, written agreement, or order
under this chapter. An interested party may appeal the assessment of a civil money penalty
under the provisions of chapter 28-32 by filing a written notice of appeal within twenty days after
service of the assessment of civil money penalties. A civil money penalty collected under this
section must be paid to the state treasurer and deposited in the financial institutions regulatory
fund.
