# Title 18 — Fires

## Chapter 18-01 — State Fire Marshal Department

### § 18-01-01. Appointment of state fire marshal - Appointment and salaries of deputies

and assistants - Budget.
The insurance commissioner shall appoint the state fire marshal and supervise the
operation of the state fire marshal department. The state fire marshal shall manage the state fire
marshal department and shall perform the duties imposed on the state fire marshal by this
chapter.
The state fire marshal shall appoint such deputies and other employees as the state fire
marshal deems necessary to carry out this chapter within the limits of legislative appropriations.
Before entering upon their duties, the state fire marshal and each deputy appointed under
this section shall take and subscribe the constitutional oath of office and file the oath in the
office of the secretary of state.
The state fire marshal department shall collaborate with the bureau of criminal investigation,
and the state fire marshal shall report all suspected cases of arson to the bureau of criminal
investigation. The budget for the state fire marshal department must be submitted as part of the
insurance commissioner's budget.
### § 18-01-02. Duties of state fire marshal and deputy state fire marshals.

The state fire marshal and deputy state fire marshals may enforce all the laws of the state
providing for:
1. The prevention of fires.
2. The storage, sale, and use of combustibles, explosives, and fireworks.
3. The fire and life safety code compliance of hazardous materials.
4. The installation and maintenance of fire protection and life safety systems.
5. The fire and life safety code compliance of all public and private elementary and
secondary schools, from all public places, and from all other places in which fifty or
more persons congregate from time to time for any purpose.
6. The suppression of arson and the investigation of the origin and cause of fires and
explosions.
7. The education of the citizens of North Dakota through organized programs on the
hazards of fire.
### § 18-01-03. Deputy state fire marshal to assist state fire marshal - Duties when state fire

marshal absent.
Each deputy state fire marshal shall assist the state fire marshal, and in the event of a
vacancy in the office of state fire marshal, or during the absence or disability of that officer, the
chief deputy state fire marshal shall assume the duties of the office of state fire marshal.
### § 18-01-03.1. Inspections - Department of health and human services - Education.

1. The state fire marshal and the state fire marshal's deputies may perform fire safety
inspections of those facilities required to be inspected under administrative rules of the
department of health and human services.
2. The state fire marshal shall provide the department of health and human services and
designees of the fire marshal education regarding the fire safety requirements of
licensed early childhood program premises, including smoke detector and carbon
monoxide alarm requirements.
### § 18-01-03.2. Delegation of authority.

The state fire marshal may delegate to the department of health and human services or any
political subdivision the authority to conduct investigations, surveys, or inspections, and the

authority to enforce compliance where violations are discovered, which become the
responsibility of the department of health and human services or political subdivision and
otherwise would be the responsibility of the state fire marshal. Any delegation to the department
of health and human services is limited to authority over basic care facilities. Any political
subdivision that meets the state fire marshal's minimum standard requirements may be
delegated authority under this section. A political subdivision may refuse the delegation.
### § 18-01-04. Rules for prevention of fires to be issued.

The state fire marshal, under the supervision of the insurance commissioner, shall make
rules not inconsistent with the provisions of this code for the prevention of fires and shall explain
such rules fully to all state, county, and municipal boards and officers. All such rules must be
posted in such conspicuous places as will tend to be of the greatest benefit to the residents of
the state, and when called upon, the state fire marshal or one of the state fire marshal's
assistants shall appear before any public board and explain the benefits derived from
compliance with such rules and regulations in the reduction of hazardous conditions and loss by
fire.
### § 18-01-04.1. Educational programs - Provided by state fire marshal.

The state fire marshal has the authority to provide educational programs on the hazards of
fire.
### § 18-01-05. Insurance companies to report fire losses to state fire marshal.

Each insurer authorized to transact fire insurance business in this state is hereby required
to report to the state fire marshal, either directly or through an approved agency, fire losses on
property insured in the company, giving the name of the insured, the date of the fire, the amount
of loss, the loss paid, the character of the property destroyed or damaged, and the supposed
cause of the fire. Provided, however, the state fire marshal may waive the reporting of such
losses which are deemed unimportant because of the small amount involved to the end that a
saving in time and expense will result. This report must be mailed or sent as an electronic
record to the state fire marshal as soon as possible after notice of loss is received by the
company. This report must be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any report the company may be
required to make by any law of this state to the insurance commissioner.
### § 18-01-05.1. Disclosure of information - Immunity - Confidentiality.

1. The state fire marshal or any law enforcement officer as defined by section 12.1-01-04
may, in writing, require an insurance company at interest to release to the fire marshal
or officer any or all relevant information or evidence deemed important which the
company may have in its possession, relating to a fire loss when arson is suspected.
This requirement is in addition to the information required to be reported by an
insurance company under section 18-01-05.
2. Relevant information may include, but is not limited to:
a. Pertinent insurance policy information relevant to a fire loss under investigation
and any application for such a policy.
b. Policy premium payment records which are available.
c. History of previous claims made by the insured.
d. Material relating to the investigation of the loss, including statements of any
person, proof of loss, and any other evidence relevant to the investigation.
3. When an insurance company has reason to believe that a fire loss in which it has an
interest may be of other than accidental cause, the company shall, in writing, notify the
state fire marshal, or a law enforcement officer as defined by section 12.1-01-04, and
provide any or all material developed from the company's inquiry into the fire loss.
4. Any insurance company providing information to the state fire marshal or a law
enforcement officer pursuant to this section has the right to request and receive
relevant information from the state fire marshal or law enforcement officer within a
reasonable time not to exceed thirty days.

5. Any insurance company, person acting in its behalf, or authorized agency, that
releases information pursuant to this section, whether written or oral, is immune from
any liability arising out of the release of such information.
6. For the purposes of this section, "immune" means that neither a civil action nor a
criminal prosecution may arise from any action taken pursuant to this section when
actual malice, on the part of the insurance company, person acting in its behalf, or
authorized agency, against the insured is not present.
7. The state fire marshal, any law enforcement officer, and any insurance company that
receives any information furnished pursuant to this section shall hold the information in
confidence until such time as its release is required pursuant to a criminal or civil
proceeding. The state fire marshal and any law enforcement officer shall testify, if
requested, in any litigation in which the insurance company at interest is named as a
party.
### § 18-01-06. Fire chiefs and auditors or secretaries of cities and rural fire protection

districts must report fires.
Within thirty days after the occurrence of any fire in which property in a city or rural fire
protection district has been destroyed or damaged, an organization that is contracted by a
political subdivision for fire protection or the fire chief of such city or rural fire protection district, if
a fire department is maintained therein, or the auditor of the city or the secretary of the rural fire
protection district, if a fire department is not maintained therein, shall report the cause, if known,
and the origin and circumstances of the fire and the name of the owner and occupant of such
property, to the state fire marshal. Reports shall be submitted in a form compliant and
compatible with the national emergency response information system, or in a manner
prescribed by the state fire marshal. Such report must show whether such fire was the result of
carelessness, accident, or design. The provisions of this section must be complied with, insofar
as the same are applicable, if the fire is of unknown origin, regardless of the amount of damage
caused thereby.
### § 18-01-07. State fire marshal may direct investigation - Report of investigation -

Records in state fire marshal's office.
An investigation of each fire must be made by the officers required to report the occurrence
of fires under section 18-01-06. When the state fire marshal deems it expedient or necessary,
the state fire marshal may supervise and direct any of such investigations. Within thirty days
after the occurrence of a fire, the officer investigating it shall furnish to the state fire marshal a
written report containing a statement of the facts relating to the origin and cause of the fire and
such other information as the state fire marshal may require. The state fire marshal shall have
access to a record of all fires reported in the state together with the facts, circumstances, and
statistics in connection therewith and showing the origin of such fires as the same may be
determined from the reports.
### § 18-01-08. Compensation of fire chiefs and executive officers of municipalities for

reporting to state fire marshal.
Repealed by S.L. 2019, ch. 182, § 8.
### § 18-01-09. Investigation by state fire marshal - Complaint to bureau of criminal

investigation - Records of arson prosecutions.
If any investigation made pursuant to the provisions of section 18-01-07 is insufficient in the
opinion of the state fire marshal, the state fire marshal shall take or cause to be taken the sworn
testimony of all persons having any means of knowledge in relation to the matter under
investigation and shall cause the same to be reduced to writing. If the state fire marshal is of the
opinion that there is evidence sufficient to charge any person with the crime of arson, the state
fire marshal shall furnish to the bureau of criminal investigation and the state's attorney the
written report created pursuant to section 18-01-07 and a copy of all the pertinent and material

testimony taken in the case. The state fire marshal shall keep a record of the proceedings in all
prosecutions for arson and of the results in all cases in which a final disposition is made.
### § 18-01-10. State fire marshal and deputies may subpoena witnesses and records -

Witness fees - Oaths - Certificates.
The state fire marshal and the state fire marshal's deputies have the power in any county in
the state to summon and compel the attendance of witnesses to testify in relation to any matter
which is being investigated pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and to that end may
administer an oath or affirmation to any person appearing as a witness before them. They may
require the production of any pertinent books, papers, or documents, and a summons to appear
before either of such officers must be served in the same manner and has the same effect as a
subpoena in the district court. All witnesses shall receive the same compensation as is paid to
witnesses in the district court, and such compensation must be paid out of the state fire
marshal's arson hearing and building condemnation hearing fund upon a voucher signed by the
state fire marshal or the deputy state fire marshal before whom any witnesses shall have
attended, and approved by the office of the budget. At the close of an investigation to which any
witnesses were subpoenaed, the officer conducting the investigation shall certify the attendance
and mileage of such witnesses, which certificate must be filed in the office of the state fire
marshal.
### § 18-01-11. Refusal of witness at state fire marshal's investigation to testify, produce

records, or obey order - Penalty.
Any person summoned to be a witness at any investigation conducted by the state fire
marshal or by a deputy state fire marshal under the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a
class B misdemeanor who:
1. Refuses to be sworn;
2. Refuses to testify;
3. Disobeys any lawful order of the state fire marshal or of any deputy state fire marshal
relating to an investigation;
4. Fails or refuses to produce any paper, book, or document touching any matter under
investigation upon the order of the officer conducting the investigation; or
5. Behaves contemptuously toward such officer.
### § 18-01-12. Testifying falsely at investigation of state fire marshal is perjury.

Repealed by S.L. 1975, ch. 106, § 673.
### § 18-01-13. Interfering with state fire marshal or deputies - Penalty.

Any person who interferes in any way with the state fire marshal or a deputy state fire
marshal in the performance of that officer's duties is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
### § 18-01-14. Abatement of fire hazards.

If the state fire marshal, a deputy state fire marshal, or any other officer mentioned in
section 18-01-06 finds a building or other structure which is subject to fire because of age or
dilapidation, defective or poorly installed electrical wiring or equipment, defective chimneys, gas
connections, or apparatus, or for any other reason, and is so situated as to endanger other
buildings or property, such officer shall order such buildings to be repaired or torn down or all
dangerous conditions therein to be remedied or abated. If the officer finds in a building or upon
any premises any combustible or explosive material, rubbish, rags, waste, oils, or gasoline, or
any condition which is dangerous to the safety of such building or property, the officer shall
order such material removed or such dangerous condition remedied or abated. Any owner,
agent, lessee, or occupant of a building or premises upon which a condition described in this
section is found and upon whom an order of abatement is served shall comply with such order
within the time therein limited.

### § 18-01-15. Abatement of conditions dangerous to persons - Order - Failure to comply -

Penalty.
If the state fire marshal or a deputy state fire marshal finds in any building or upon any
premises any condition which is a danger or a menace to the safety of life and limb of the
occupants of that building or of any adjacent building, such officer shall issue an order for the
immediate removal or correction of the dangerous condition. Any owner, agent, or occupant
upon whom an order of abatement issued under this section is served, who fails to comply with
the order within the time specified therein, is guilty of a class B misdemeanor, and is guilty of a
class A misdemeanor upon a second or subsequent offense.
### § 18-01-16. Order of abatement - To whom directed - Contents - How served - Service

by publication.
An order of abatement must be in writing and must state concisely the grounds upon which
it is based. It must be made against the owner, lessee, or occupant of the building or premises
therein described and must be served personally or by registered or certified mail upon the
person therein named or that person's agent. If the owner of such premises is not a resident of
this state, and if such premises are unoccupied, or if the owner of the premises has no known
address, the order of abatement must be served by the publication of the same for three
successive weeks in the official newspaper of the county in which the premises described in the
order are situated, and the order must be deemed to have been served upon the date of the last
publication.
### § 18-01-17. Appeal to state fire marshal from abatement order - Record made by state

fire marshal.
If the owner, lessee, agent, or occupant of any building or premises described in an
abatement order is aggrieved by such order and desires a hearing thereon, the person may
complain or appeal in writing to the state fire marshal within five days from the service of the
order, and the state fire marshal shall investigate said complaint immediately. The state fire
marshal shall fix a time, not less than five days nor more than ten days thereafter, and a place
when and where the state fire marshal will hear the complaint. The state fire marshal at said
hearing shall make a complete record of the proceedings and may affirm, modify, revoke, or
vacate the order, and unless the order is revoked, modified, or vacated, it must remain in force
and be complied with by such owner, lessee, agent, or occupant within the time fixed in said
order or within such time as may be fixed by the state fire marshal at said hearing unless an
appeal is taken from the order.
### § 18-01-18. Appeal from abatement order of state fire marshal.

If a person is aggrieved by a final order of the state fire marshal ordering an abatement after
the hearing provided for in the preceding section, such person may appeal to the district court of
the county in which the property is situated and to the supreme court from an adverse decision
of the district court. Such appeals must be governed by the provisions of chapter 28-32, except
that an appeal to the district court must be taken within ten days after the entry of the final order
complained of, and an appeal to the supreme court must be taken within thirty days after notice
of entry of the judgment.
### § 18-01-19. Noncompliance with order of abatement - Court proceeding - Title.

The state fire marshal, at any time after an abatement order has become final, may file a
copy thereof in the office of the clerk of the district court of the county in which the premises
affected by the order are situated and thereafter all proceedings with reference thereto are
within the jurisdiction of said court. The proceeding in the district court must be entitled in the
matter of the order of the state fire marshal concerning the premises therein affected.

### § 18-01-20. Service of order and notice - Contents of notice - Additional parties - Duty

of insurance commissioner.
1. There must be served upon the owner, mortgagee, lessee, tenant, occupant, and other
persons known to have or claim any interest in the premises described in the order of
abatement a copy of the abatement order and a written notice stating:
a. The title of the proceeding.
b. The name of the court in which the proceeding is instituted.
c. That the abatement order has been filed in the district court.
d. That the state fire marshal will apply to the court for a judgment enforcing the
terms of the abatement order.
e. That all persons interested in the premises described in the abatement order or in
the proceeding in the district court will be required to appear therein and state any
objections to the order, within twenty days after the date of service of the notice
upon them.
2. The notice must be subscribed by the insurance commissioner who shall appear for
the state fire marshal in each such proceeding. Service must be made in the same
manner as a summons is required to be served in a civil action. Whenever it appears
that persons in addition to those served are necessary or proper parties to the
proceeding, the court may order such persons to be brought in by proper service of the
order and notice upon them.
### § 18-01-21. Service of abatement order and notice by publication - Affidavit - Order.

Service of the abatement order and notice described in section 18-01-20 may be made by
publication in the same manner as a summons is published in a civil action, upon the order of
the district court having jurisdiction of the proceeding. The order for publication must be issued if
it appears to the court:
1. By the return of the sheriff of the county in which the premises described in the order
are situated, that the sheriff has been unable to make the service required by rule 4(d)
of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure upon any person or persons having or
claiming an interest in the premises; or
2. By affidavit, that any person having or claiming an interest in the premises described in
the order is absent or is believed to be absent from the jurisdiction of the court so that
service of the order and notice cannot be made upon that person in the manner
provided by rule 4(d) of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure.
### § 18-01-22. Appearance in court proceeding by parties in interest.

Any party having or claiming to have an interest in the premises described in the abatement
order may appear and state the party's objections to said order in writing within twenty days
after the service of the order and notice upon the party. After such period has expired, the court
may permit parties to appear for the protection of their respective interests at any time as may
be just and proper before the final determination of the proceeding.
### § 18-01-23. Time of hearing in district court - Notice to parties who have appeared.

The proceeding in the district court may be brought on for hearing and determination by the
state fire marshal or by any other party thereto at any time after thirty days have elapsed after
the completion of service upon all the parties appearing to be interested therein. In the order
setting the time for hearing, the court shall order such notice of the time and place of the hearing
to be given to all parties to such proceeding as it shall deem proper. It is not necessary to give
notice of such hearing to any person upon whom service of the order and notice described in
section 18-01-20 has been made if such person has not appeared in said proceeding.
### § 18-01-24. Hearing in district court.

At the time set for the hearing in the district court, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the
court shall hear and determine the issues raised by the abatement order and the objections

thereto and shall make its findings of fact and conclusions of law therein as in other civil actions
and shall order judgment to be entered accordingly.
### § 18-01-25. Conclusiveness of abatement order or of judgment on appeal therefrom.

The order of abatement made by the state fire marshal, if no appeal is taken therefrom, is
conclusive upon all parties to whom notice of the order was given as provided in section
### § 18-01-16. If an appeal was taken from such order, the judgment of the court on appeal is

conclusive upon all parties thereto. The order or judgment, as the case may be, is prima facie
valid as to all other parties.
### § 18-01-26. Judgment of district court and contents.

If the court finds that the order of the state fire marshal is just and proper, the judgment
must provide for the enforcement thereof within such time and in such manner as must be
therein designated. By said judgment or by an appropriate order based thereon, the court may
direct the sheriff or the state fire marshal to cause such judgment to be enforced. In the event
that any building or other structure is disposed of in pursuance of such order so that there is
salvage therefrom, the court shall make an appropriate order for the protection of the interests
of the parties to the proceeding.
### § 18-01-27. Costs and disbursements - Enforcing order - Lien of costs - Payment of

sheriff's fees.
Costs and disbursements may be taxed, allowed, and entered in the judgment of the court
in a proceeding to enforce an abatement order made by the state fire marshal in the same
manner as in other civil actions. If the sheriff or state fire marshal has incurred expenses in the
enforcement of any such order, the expenses must be reported to the court and the court may
allow and enter them as a part of the judgment. Any costs and disbursements so allowed and
entered in the judgment are a lien against the premises affected by the abatement order and are
enforceable in the same manner as other judgment liens. The state fire marshal shall reimburse
the sheriff for the sheriff's disbursements and fees in said proceeding.
### § 18-01-28. Records in state fire marshal department open to inspection - Exception.

All records in the state fire marshal department must be public, except that the state fire
marshal may withhold from the public any testimony, correspondence, or other matter secured
in any investigation made under the provisions of this chapter.
### § 18-01-29. Biennial report.

The state fire marshal may submit a biennial report to the governor and the secretary of
state in accordance with section 54-06-04.
### § 18-01-30. State's attorneys to assist state fire marshal.

The state's attorney of any county, upon the request of the state fire marshal or the state fire
marshal's deputies or assistants, shall assist such officers upon the investigation of any fire
which, in their opinion, is of suspicious origin.
### § 18-01-31. Compensation of officers performing services for state fire marshal

department.
All officers not employees of the state fire marshal department who perform any services at
the request of the state fire marshal or of a deputy state fire marshal shall receive the same fees
as such officers are allowed for like services in proceedings in the district court.
### § 18-01-32. Violation of duty by officers - Penalty.

Any officer referred to in this chapter who neglects to comply with any of the requirements of
this chapter must be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one
hundred dollars for each neglect or violation.

### § 18-01-33. State fire marshal may adopt rules for explosives - Penalty.

The state fire marshal may adopt safety rules for the storage, sale, and use of combustibles
and explosives, not otherwise provided by law. Any person who willfully refuses to comply with
the safety rules adopted by the state fire marshal is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. Rules
adopted by the state fire marshal may not be more restrictive than those promulgated by the
state and local building and fire codes and do not apply to the transportation of explosives and
dangerous articles regulated by the interstate commerce commission. The state fire marshal
may make reasonable provision for the application or nonapplication of all or any portion of the
national fire codes.
### § 18-01-34. Disclosure of information concerning toxic or hazardous substances - List

to state fire marshal and local fire departments - Exceptions - Availability of information
restricted - Penalty.
Repealed by S.L. 2017, ch. 159, § 7.
### § 18-01-35. Fire and tornado fund fees.

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 208, § 7.
### § 18-01-36. Petroleum release compensation fund fees.

Repealed by S.L. 2025, ch. 208, § 7.
