References

Cases - liberty and pursuit of happiness
  1. State ex rel. Goodsill v. Woodmansee, 1 N.D. 246, (N.D. 1890)
  2. State v. Fargo Bottling Works Co., 124 N.W. 387 (1910)
  3. Moody v. Hagen, 162 N.W. 704 (N.D. 1917)
  4. Cofman v. Ousterhous, 168 N.W. 826, 1918 N.D. LEXIS 91 (N.D. 1918)
  5. State ex rel. Germain v. Ross, 39 N.D. 630 (N.D. 1918)
  6. State ex rel. Bismarck v. District Court, 253 N.W. 744 (1934)
  7. State v. Cromwell, 9 N.W.2d 914 (N.D. 1943)
  8. Tayloe v. City of Wahpeton, 62 N.W.2d 31 (N.D. 1953)
  9. State v. Odegaard, 165 N.W.2d 677 (N.D. 1969)
  10. Rosen v. Bismarck, 181 N.W.2d 722 (N.D. 1970)
  11. Johnson v. Elkin, 263 N.W.2d 123, (N.D. 1978)
  12. State v. Goetz, 312 N.W.2d 1, (N.D. 1981)
Cases - bearing arms
  1. State v. Ricehill, 415 N.W.2d 481 (N.D. 1987)
  2. Keller v. Keller, 2017 ND 119
Cases - enjoying and defending life and liberty
Convention References
Prior Versions
Scholarly works
Parallel Provisions predating N.D. Const.
  1. U.S. Const. amend. II (“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”)
  2. N.J. Const. art. I, sec. 1. See State v. Post, 20 N.J.L. 368, 372 (1845)
  3. Cal. Const. art. I, sec. 1. See Ex parte Newman, 9 Cal. 502, 503 (1858)
  4. N.H. Const. art. II. See Orr v. Quimby, 54 N.H. 590, 627 (1874)
  5. For several others, see Franklin Benjamin Hough, American Constitutions (1871); Benjamin Perley Poore, Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the United States (1877).