====== N.D. Const. art. XI, § 9 — Research ======

**Impeachment Trial by Senate.** Text of the section: [[.:start|current and prior versions]].

Every citing reference in the corpus: **3** court opinions and **0** Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 195), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

//Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.//

===== Construing and quoting decisions (1) =====

  * State ex rel. Sanstead v. Freed, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2229506/state-ex-rel-sanstead-v-freed/|1977 ND 15]] (1977, Paulson, J.)  ·  construes, quotes the provision
    * //“…%%ortance. It is our duty to construe the Constitution so as to reconcile its provisions, if possible. This construction is supported by language elsewhere in the Constitution, indicating that the Lieutenant Governor is a member of the Senate for some purposes. Section 195 of the Constitution says: “All impeachments shall be tried by the senate. . . . No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members elected. . . .” Section 199 says: “On trial for impeach%%…”//

===== Other citing decisions (2) =====

  * Gripentrog v. City of Wahpeton, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1924987/gripentrog-v-city-of-wahpeton/|1964 ND 7]] (1964, Strutz, J.)
  * State ex rel. Olson v. Langer, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3933740/state-ex-rel-olson-v-langer/|1934 ND 67]] (1934, Burke, J.)

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