====== N.D. Const. art. XI, § 5 — Research ======

**Open Meetings.** Text of the section: [[.:start|current and prior versions]].

Every citing reference in the corpus: **2** court opinions and **11** Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (amend. art. XCII), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

//Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.//

===== Cases by topic =====

//Topics are machine-generated groupings of the citing references — reading aids, not editorial judgments. Documents cited after the last classification pass appear in the lists below until the next pass.//

== Openness as the constitutional default ==

  * Haskell v. Grand Forks Public Schools, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinions/209261|2026 ND 40]] (2026, Tufte, J.)  ·  quotes the provision
    * //¶ 25: “…%%The North Dakota Constitution establishes transparency as the default rule for government operations. "Unless otherwise provided by law, all meetings of public or governmental bodies ... shall be open to the public." N.D. Const. art. XI, § 5. Likewise, "[u]nless otherwise provided by law, all records of public or governmental bodies ... shall be public records, open and accessible for inspection." N.D. Const. art. XI, § 6. These provisions reflect a deliber%%…”//

== Bodies and organizations subject to the requirement ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/9609.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 96-F-09 (1996)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/121991-Govig_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Dec. 19, 1991) (to Govig)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/080291-Solberg_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Aug. 2, 1991) (to Solberg)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/112890-Ring_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Nov. 28, 1990) (to Ring, No. 1)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/112890-Ring_01.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Nov. 28, 1990) (to Ring, No. 2)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/031990-Wentz_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Mar. 19, 1990)]]

== Executive sessions and exceptions provided by law ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/98-O-01.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 98-O-01 (1998)]]
  * Dickinson Newspapers, Inc. v. Jorgensen, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2223620/dickinson-newspapers-inc-v-jorgensen/|1983 ND 143]] (1983, Sand, J.)
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/81-39.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 81-39 (1981)]]

== Meeting procedure and related records ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2005-O-19.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2005-O-19 (2005)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2003-L-01.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2003-L-01 (2003)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/95Dvir03.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 95-L-253 (1995)]]

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