====== N.D. Const. art. IV, § 17 — Research ======

**Repealed.** Text of the section: [[.:start|current and prior versions]].

Every citing reference in the corpus: **7** court opinions and **14** Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 39), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

//Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.//

===== Cases by topic =====

//Topics are machine-generated groupings of the citing references — reading aids, not editorial judgments. Documents cited after the last classification pass appear in the lists below until the next pass.//

== Appointment or election to civil office during the term ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/091885-Tallackson_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Sept. 18, 1985)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/81-94.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 81-94 (1981)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74-59.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 74-59 (1974)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/67-50.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 67-50 (1967)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/60-151.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 60-151 (1960)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/49-155.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 49-155 (1949)]]
  * State ex rel. Strutz, Atty. Gen., v. Stray, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934323/state-ex-rel-strutz-v-stray/|1938 ND 52]] (1938, Nuessle, J.)
  * State ex rel. Standish v. Boucher, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6847142/state-ex-rel-standish-v-boucher/|1893 ND 21]] (1893, Wallin, J.)

== Increased emoluments and eligibility ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2005-L-15.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2005-L-15 (2005)]]
  * Walker v. Omdahl, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1676074/walker-v-omdahl/|1976 ND 36]] (1976, Erickstad, J.)
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/66-233.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 66-233 (1966)]]
  * State ex rel. Lyons v. Guy, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1955078/state-ex-rel-lyons-v-guy/|1961 ND 2]] (1961, Burke, J.)  ·  construes
    * //“…%%mode of transportation available to the Governor and did not increase the emoluments of his office. 6. A cardinal rule of constitutional construction is that a constitution must be construed to give effect to the intention of the people who adopted it. 7. Section 39 of the North Dakota Constitution is a restriction upon the members of the Legislature. In order to determine the extent of the restriction the object to be accomplished and any evil sought to be prevented or restrained%%…”//
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/46-178.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 46-178 (1946)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/44-72.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 44-72 (1944)]]

== What constitutes a civil office ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70-67.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 70-67 (1970)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/66-120.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 66-120 (1966)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/49-156.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 49-156 (1949)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/45-292.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 45-292 (1945)]]
  * Baird v. Lefor, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934290/baird-v-lefor/|1924 ND 176]] (1924, Nuessle, J.)  ·  construes
    * //“…%%r the liquidation and winding up of insolvent banking corporations in accordance with well-established equitable rules, and, by providing for the appointment of a receiver by the court, does not create a civil office within the meaning of that term as used in section 39 of the Constitution. A receiver, appointed under the provisions of chapter 137, S. L. 1923, is not the holder of a "civil office" within the meaning of that term as used in section 39 of the Constitution providing tha%%…”//

== Amendment and repeal of the provision ==

  * Bd. of Trustees of The N.D. Public Employees' Retirement System v. N.D. (con't), [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinions/7696|2023 ND 185]] (2023, Crothers, J.)
  * State ex rel. Peterson v. Olson, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1673839/state-ex-rel-peterson-v-olson/|1981 ND 93]] (1981, Paulson, J.)

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